Umothuko

Umothuko yimeko esongela ubomi eyenzeka xa umzimba ungafumani gazi laneleyo. Ukungabikho kokuhamba kwegazi kuthetha ukuba iiseli kunye namalungu awafumani oksijini kunye nezondlo ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Amalungu amaninzi angonakaliswa ngenxa yoko. Umothuko ufuna unyango kwangoko kwaye unokuba mbi ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Uninzi lwabantu aba-1 aba-5 abothusayo baya kufa ngalo.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zothusayo zibandakanya:

• Ukutshatyalaliswa kweCardiogenic (ngenxa yeengxaki zentliziyo)
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Hypovolemic (kubangelwa yincinci yegazi)
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Anaphylactic (kubangelwa ukuphendula kakubi)
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Septic (ngenxa yokusuleleka)
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Neurogenic (kubangelwa umonakalo kwinkqubo ye-nervous)

Umothuko unokubangelwa nayiphina imeko ecutha ukuhamba kwegazi, kubandakanya:

• Iingxaki zentliziyo (ezinjengesifo sentliziyo okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo)
• Umthamo wegazi eliphantsi (njengokuphuma kakhulu okanye ukoma)
• Utshintsho kwimithambo yegazi (njengosulelo okanye ukusabela okungalunganga)
• Amayeza athile anciphisa ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kwentliziyo okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi

Umothuko uhlala unxulunyaniswa nokopha okunzima kwangaphandle okanye kwangaphakathi komonzakalo omkhulu. Ukulimala komqolo kunokubangela ukothuka.

Isifo sokudakumba esinetyhefu ngumzekelo wohlobo lothuselo olusulelayo.

Umntu othukileyo unoxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi kakhulu. Kuxhomekeka kwisizathu esithile kunye nohlobo lokothuka, iimpawu ziya kubandakanya enye okanye nangaphezulu koku kulandelayo:

• Ixhala okanye ukuphazamiseka / ukungazinzi
• Imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neenzipho
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukudideka
• Ukuba nesiyezi, ukuba krwada, okanye ukudinwa
• Ipeyinti, ipholile, ilukhuni
• Ukukhutshwa komchamo osezantsi okanye akukho
• Ukubila okungathethekiyo, ulusu olumanzi
• Ukukhawuleza kodwa buthathaka ukubetha
• Ukuphefumla kancinci
• Ukungazi nto (ukungaphenduli)

Thatha la manyathelo alandelayo ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu wothukile:

• Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ngoncedo olukhawulezileyo lonyango.
• Jonga indlela yomoya yomntu, ukuphefumla, kunye nokuhamba. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, qala ngokuhlangula ukuphefumla kunye neCPR.
• Nokuba umntu uyakwazi ukuziphefumlela, qhubeka ujonge izinga lokuphefumla ubuncinci yonke imizuzu emi-5 de kufike uncedo.
• Ukuba umntu unolwazi kwaye AKUKHO kwenzakala entloko, emlenzeni, entanyeni, okanye emqolo, beka loo mntu kwindawo yothuko. Beka umntu ngasemva kwaye uphakamise imilenze malunga nee-intshi ezili-12 (iisentimitha ezingama-30). Musa ukuphakamisa intloko. Ukuba ukunyusa imilenze kuya kubangela iintlungu okanye ukwenzakala okunokwenzeka, mshiye umntu elele ethe tywa.
• Nika uncedo lokuqala olufanelekileyo kuwo nawaphi na amanxeba, ukonzakala, okanye ukugula.
• Gcina umntu eshushu kwaye ekhululekile. Khulula iimpahla eziqinileyo.

UKUBA UMNTU UYAVUTHA OKANYE UDAKULE

• Jikela intloko kwelinye icala ukunqanda ukukrwitshwa. Yenza oku logama nje ungarhaneli ukwenzakala emqolo.
• Ukuba kurhanelwa ukwenzakala komqolo, "log roll" umntu endaweni yoko. Ukwenza oku, gcina intloko yomntu, intamo, kunye nomqolo osemgceni, kwaye uqengqe umzimba kunye nentloko njengeyunithi.

Kwimeko yokothuka:

• MUSA ukumnika nantoni na umntu ngomlomo, kubandakanya nantoni na ayityayo okanye ayiseleyo.
• MUSA ukumhambisa umntu owenzakeleyo okanye okrokrelwayo kukonzakala emqolo.
• Sukulinda iimpawu ezothusayo ezinzima ukuba zibe mbi ngaphambi kokubiza uncedo lonyango olungxamisekileyo.

Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo engxamisekileyo yendawo ngalo naliphi na ixesha umntu eneempawu zothuko. Hlala nomntu lowo kwaye ulandele amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala de kufike uncedo lwezonyango.

Funda ngeendlela zokuthintela isifo sentliziyo, ukuwa, ukonzakala, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kunye nezinye izinto ezothusayo. Ukuba une aleji eyaziwayo (umzekelo, ukulunywa zizinambuzane okanye ukuhlaba), phatha ipeni ye-epinephrine. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kukufundisa ukuba uyisebenzisa njani kwaye nini.

• Umothuko

I-Angus DC. Sondela kwisigulana ngokothuka. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 98.

IPuskarich MA, uJones AE. Umothuko. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 6.