Kufutshane nokuntywila

"Kufutshane nokuntywila" kuthetha ukuba umntu uphantse wasweleka ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuphefumla (ukufuthanisela) phantsi kwamanzi.

Ukuba umntu uhlangulwe kwimeko yokurhaxwa kufutshane, uncedo lokuqala olukhawulezileyo kunye nonyango lubaluleke kakhulu.

• Amawakawaka abantu arhaxwa eUnited States minyaka le. Uninzi lokurhaxwa lwenzeka kumgama omfutshane wokhuseleko. Isenzo esikhawulezileyo kunye noncedo lokuqala kunokuthintela ukufa.
• Umntu orhaxwayo ngesiqhelo akakwazi ukukhwaza ecela uncedo. Lumkela iimpawu zokurhaxwa.
• Uninzi lokurhaxwa kwabantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye lwenzeka ebhafini.
• Kuyenzeka ukuba uvuselele umntu otshonayo, nokuba sele kudlule ixesha elide ephantsi kwamanzi, ngakumbi ukuba umncinci kwaye ebemanzi abandayo.
• Cinga ngengozi xa ubona umntu emanzini enxibe ngokupheleleyo. Bukela intshukumo yokuqubha engalinganiyo, nto leyo engumqondiso wokuba indadi iyadinwa. Rhoqo, umzimba uyatshona, kwaye kuphela kwentloko ebonisa ngaphezulu kwamanzi.

• Ukuzama ukuzibulala
• Ukuzama ukudada kude kakhulu
• Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokuziphatha / yokuphuhla
• Ukubetha entlokweni okanye ukuxhuzula ngelixa usemanzini
• Ukusela utywala okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye iziyobisi ngelixa uhamba ngesikhephe okanye ubhukuda
• Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye eminye imiba yentliziyo ngelixa ubhukuda okanye uhlamba
• Ukusilela ukusebenzisa iibhatyi zobomi (izixhobo zokuhambisa umntu)
• Ukuwa kumkhenkce omncinci
• Ukungakwazi ukudada okanye ukuphakuzela xa uqubha
• Ukushiya abantwana abancinci bengakhathalelwanga malunga neebhafu okanye amachibi
• Ukuziphatha okuthatha umngcipheko
• Ukudada emanzini anzulu kakhulu, kurhabaxa, okanye sisiphithiphithi

Iimpawu ziyahluka, kodwa zingabandakanya:

• Ukuqaqanjelwa sisisu (isisu esidumbileyo)
• Ulusu oluluhlaza ebusweni, ngakumbi kwimilebe
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ulusu olubandayo kunye nembonakalo emhlophe
• Ukudideka
• Ukukhwehlela ngepinki, isikhohlela esiqhenqethayo
• Ukucaphuka
• Ukuhamba
• Akukho kuphefumla
• Ukungazinzi
• Ukuphefumla okungaphantsi okanye okuphefumlayo
• Ukungazi (ukungabikho kokuphendula)
• Ukuhlanza

Xa umntu erhaxwa:

• MUSA ukuzibeka engozini.
• Ungangeni emanzini okanye uphume umkhenkce ngaphandle kokuba uqinisekile ukuba ukhuselekile.
• Yandisa ipali ende okanye isebe emntwini okanye usebenzise intambo yokuphosa eqhotyoshelwe kwinto evuthayo, enje ngeringi yobomi okanye ibhatyi yobomi. Yiphose emntwini, emva koko uyitsalele elunxwemeni.
• Ukuba uqeqeshiwe ukuhlangula abantu, kwenze ngoko nangoko kuphela ukuba uqinisekile ukuba ayizukukwenzakalisa.
• Gcina ukhumbule ukuba abantu abaye bawela kwiqhwa abanako ukubamba izinto ekufikeleleni kwabo okanye babambelele ngelixa betsalelwa kukhuseleko.

Ukuba ukuphefumla komntu kuyekile, qalisa ukuhlangula ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuhlala kuthetha ukuqala kwenkqubo yokuphefumla ngokuhlangula kwakamsinya nje ukuba umhlanguli afike kwisixhobo sokuhamba ngenqanawa esifana nesikhephe, isihlenga, okanye ibhodi yokusefa, okanye afike emanzini apho kungekho nzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuma.

Qhubeka uphefumlela umntu rhoqo kwimizuzwana embalwa ngelixa ususa kumhlaba owomileyo. Nje ukuba usemhlabeni, nika i-CPR njengoko kufuneka. Umntu ufuna i-CPR ukuba akakho zingqondweni kwaye awunakuziva ukubetha kwentliziyo.

Soloko ulumke xa uhambisa umntu orhaxwayo. Ukulimala kweentamo akuqhelekanga kubantu abasinda kufutshane nokuntywila ngaphandle kokuba babethwe entloko okanye babonise ezinye iimpawu zokulimala, njengokuphuma kwegazi nokusika. Ukulimala kwentamo kunye nomqolo kunokwenzeka xa umntu entywila emanzini angaphantsi kakhulu. Ngenxa yoku, izikhokelo zeAmerican Heart Association ziyacebisa ngokuchasene nokwenza umthambo ngaphandle kokuba kukho ukulimala kwentloko okucacileyo. Ukwenza njalo kunokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuhlangula ukuphefumla kwixhoba. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uzame ukugcina intloko nentamo yomntu izinzile kwaye zilungelelaniswe nomzimba kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokuhlangulwa emanzini nakwiCPR. Ungayifaka ngentloko kwibhodi ebuyela umva okanye kwi-stretcher, okanye ukhusele intamo ngokubeka iitawuli ezisongiweyo okanye ezinye izinto ezijikelezileyo.

Landela la manyathelo ongezelelweyo:

• Nika uncedo lokuqala ngalo naluphi na ukonzakala okunzulu.
• Gcina umntu ezolile kwaye uzolile. Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko.
• Susa nayiphi na impahla ebandayo, emanzi emntwini kwaye ugqume ngento efudumeleyo, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhusela i-hypothermia.
• Umntu unokukhohlela kwaye abe nobunzima bokuphefumla wakuphefumla aqala kwakhona. Mqinisekise loo mntu de ufumane uncedo lonyango.

Iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko:

• SUKUZAMA ukuzihlangula ngokwakho ngaphandle kokuba uqeqeshelwe ukuhlangulwa emanzini, kwaye ungakwenza oko ngaphandle kokuzibeka esichengeni.
• SUKUYA emanzini arhabaxa okanye aneziphithiphithi anokukubeka esichengeni.
• SUKUYA kumkhenkce ukuhlangula umntu.
• Ukuba unokufikelela kuloo mntu ngengalo yakho okanye ngento eyandisiweyo, yenza njalo.

I-Heimlich maneuver ayisiyonxalenye yohlangulo oluqhelekileyo lokuntywila kufutshane. UNGAYENZI i-Heimlich maneuver ngaphandle kokuba iinzame eziphindaphindiweyo zokubeka umoya kunye nokuhlangula ukuphefumla kungaphumelelanga, kwaye ucinga ukuba indlela yomoya yomntu ivaliwe. Ukwenza i-Heimlich maneuver kwonyusa amathuba okuba umntu ongazi nto agabhe aze emva koko aminxe emhlanzweni.

Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba awukwazi ukuhlangula umntu orhaxwayo ngaphandle kokuzibeka engozini. Ukuba uqeqeshiwe kwaye uyakwazi ukuhlangula loo mntu, yenze njalo, kodwa soloko ubiza uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Bonke abantu abanamava okuntywila kufutshane kufuneka bahlolwe ngumboneleli wezempilo. Nangona umntu enokubonakala ngathi ulungile kwindawo yesehlo, iingxaki zemiphunga ziqhelekile. Ulwelo kunye neekhemikhali zomzimba (i-electrolyte) ukungalingani kunokukhula. Olunye ukonzakala okwenzakalisayo lunokubakho, kwaye isingqi esingaqhelekanga sentliziyo sinokubakho.

Bonke abantu abaye bafumana ukurhaxwa kufutshane abafuna naluphi na uhlobo lokuvuselelwa, kubandakanya ukuphefumla kokuhlangula bodwa, kufuneka bathunyelwe esibhedlele ukuze bavavanywe. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe nokuba umntu ubonakala ephaphile ngokuphefumla okuhle kunye nokubetha okuqinileyo.

Ezinye iingcebiso zokunceda ukuthintela ukurhaxwa yile:

• Musa ukusela utywala okanye usebenzise ezinye iziyobisi xa uqubha okanye uhamba ngesikhephe. Oku kubandakanya amayeza athile amiselweyo.
• Ukuntywila kunokubakho nakwesiphi na isikhongozeli samanzi. Musa ukushiya amanzi amileyo kwizitya, iibhakethi, izifuba zomkhenkce, amachibi abantwana, okanye iibhafu, okanye kwezinye iindawo apho umntwana omncinci angangena emanzini.
• Khusela iziciko zokuhlala kwindlu yangasese ngesixhobo sokhuselo lomntwana.
• Kucingo olubiyele macala onke amachibi kunye neeaspa. Khusela yonke iminyango ekhokelela ngaphandle, kwaye ufake iiphuli kunye neminyango.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho ulahlekile, jonga iphuli ngoko nangoko.
• Ungaze uvumele abantwana badade bodwa okanye bangajongwa ngaphandle kokukwazi ukudada.
• Ungaze ushiye abantwana bodwa ngalo naliphi na ixesha okanye ubavumele bashiye umgca wakho wokubona ujikeleze naliphi na iphuli okanye umzimba wamanzi. Ukurhaxwa kwenzeke xa abazali beshiye "umzuzu nje" ukuya kuphendula umnxeba okanye ucango.
• Gcina imithetho yokhuseleko lwamanzi.
• Thatha ikhosi yokhuseleko lwamanzi.

Ukurhaxwa - kufutshane

• Ukuhlangulwa ngokurhaxwa, ukuphosa uncedo
• Ukuntywila ukuhlangula kumkhenkce, ukunceda ibhodi
• Ukuhlangula ngokurhaxwa, ukufikelela kuncedo
• Ukuhlangulwa ngokuntywila, ukunceda ibhodi
• Ukuntywila ukuhlangula kumkhenkce, ikhonkco lomntu

IHargarten SW, Frazer T.Ukonzakala kunye nokuthintela ukulimala. Ku: Ilitye eliyintloko JS, Kozarsky PE, Connor BA, Nothdurft HD, Mendelson M, Leder, K, eds. Amayeza ohambo. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 50.

URichards DB. Ukurhaxwa. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2018: isahluko 137.

UThomas AA, uCaglar D. Ukurhaxwa kunye nokwenzakala emanzini. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 91.

UVanden Hoek TL, uMorrison LJ, uShuster M, et al. Icandelo le-12: ukubanjwa kwentliziyo kwiimeko ezizodwa: Izikhokelo zoMbutho weentliziyo zaseMelika zango-2010 zoKuvuselelwa kweCardiopulmonary kunye noKhathalelo oluNgxamisekileyo lweNhliziyo.Ukujikeleza. 2010; 122 (18 iSuppl 3): S829-861. IINKCUKACHA: 20956228 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20956228.