Inyumoniya yentsholongwane

I-pneumonia iyavutha okanye idumbe izicwili zemiphunga ngenxa yosulelo lwentsholongwane.

I-pneumonia yentsholongwane ibangelwa yintsholongwane.

I-pneumonia yentsholongwane kunokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala abadala. Kungenxa yokuba imizimba yabo inexesha elinzima ukulwa nentsholongwane kunabantu abanamajoni omzimba omeleleyo.

I-pneumonia yentsholongwane ihlala ibangelwa yenye yeentsholongwane ezininzi:

• Intsholongwane yokuphefumla intsholongwane (RSV)
• Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane
• Intsholongwane yeParainfluenza
• I-Adenovirus (engaqhelekanga kakhulu)
• Intsholongwane yemasisi
• IiCoronaviruses ezinje ngeSARS-CoV-2, ebangela inyumoniya yeCOVID-19

I-pneumonia yentsholongwane enkulu inokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke kwabo banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, anje ngala:

• Iintsana ezizalwa kwangoko kakhulu.
• Abantwana abaneengxaki zentliziyo nemiphunga.
• Abantu abane-HIV / AIDS.
• Abantu abafumana ichemotherapy ngomhlaza, okanye amanye amayeza enza buthathaka amajoni omzimba.
• Abantu abanokufakelwa ilungu lomzimba.
• Ezinye iintsholongwane ezinjengomkhuhlane kunye ne-SARS-CoV2 zinokukhokelela kwinyumoniya ebukhali kwizigulana ezisencinci kwaye ezisempilweni.

Iimpawu zepneumonia yentsholongwane zihlala ziqala kancinci kwaye zisenokungabi qatha ekuqaleni.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zenyumoniya zezi:

• Ukukhwehlela (ngezinye iinyumoniya unokukhwehlela i-mucus, okanye i-mucus enegazi)
• Ifiva
• Ukugungqa kobandayo
• Ukuphefumla kancinci (kunokwenzeka kuphela xa uzibhokoxa)

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ukudideka, kuhlala kunjalo kubantu abadala
• Ukubila okugqithisileyo kunye nolusu lwe-clammy
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla, amandla aphantsi nokudinwa
• Ukuqaqamba okanye ukuhlaba iintlungu zesifuba esiba mandundu xa uphefumla ngokunzulu okanye ukhohlela
• Ukudinwa

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu.

Ukuba umboneleli ucinga ukuba unenyumoniya, uyakuba nesifuba x-reyi. Kungenxa yokuba uvavanyo lomzimba alunakho ukuxelela inyumoniya kwezinye izifo zokuphefumla.

Kuxhomekeke kubuzaza beempawu zakho, ezinye iimvavanyo zinokwenziwa, kubandakanya:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwesifuba
• Iinkcubeko zegazi ukujonga iintsholongwane egazini (okanye iibhaktheriya ezinokubangela usulelo lwesibini)
• I-Bronchoscopy (ayifane ifuneke)
• Uvavanyo lomqala kunye nempumlo ukukhangela intsholongwane enjengomkhuhlane
• I-biopsy evulekileyo yemiphunga (yenziwa kuphela kwizifo ezinobuzaza xa isifo singenakwenziwa kweminye imithombo)
• Inkcubeko yesikhohlela (ukulawula ezinye izizathu)
• Ukulinganisa amanqanaba eoksijini kunye nekhabhon dioksi egazini

I-Antibiotic ayilunyangi olu hlobo losulelo lwemiphunga. Amayeza anyanga iintsholongwane anokusebenza ngokuchasene ne-pneumonia ebangelwa ngumkhuhlane kunye nosapho lwe-herpes lweentsholongwane. La mayeza anokuzama ukuba usulelo lubanjwe kwangoko.

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Iyeza zeCorticosteroid
• Ukwanda kwamanzi
• Ioksijini
• Ukusetyenziswa komoya ofumileyo

Ukuhlala esibhedlele kunokufuneka ukuba awukwazi ukusela ngokwaneleyo kwaye uncede ngokuphefumla ukuba amanqanaba eoksijini aphantsi kakhulu.

Abantu kunokwenzeka ukuba bangeniswe esibhedlele ukuba:

• Bangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 okanye ngabantwana
• Abakwazi ukuzinakekela ekhaya, batye okanye basele
• Unenye ingxaki yezonyango, enjengentliziyo okanye ingxaki yezintso
• Baye bathatha ii-antibiotics ekhaya kwaye abaphucuki
• Yiba neempawu ezinzima

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi banokunyangwa ekhaya. Ungawathatha la manyathelo ekhaya:

• Lawula umkhuhlane wakho ngeasprini, iziyobisi ezichasayo (ii-NSAID, ezinje nge-ibuprofen okanye naproxen), okanye i-acetaminophen. UNGABANIKI i-aspirin abantwana kuba inokubangela isigulo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuba yiReye syndrome.
• Sukuthatha amayeza okukhohlela ungaqalanga uthethe nomboneleli wakho. Amayeza okukhohlela angenza kubenzima emzimbeni wakho ukukhohlela isikhohlela.
• Phuza ulwelo oluninzi ukunceda ukhulule imfihlo kunye nokuzisa i-phlegm.
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Yiba nomnye umntu enze imisebenzi yasekhaya.

Uninzi lweziganeko zepneumonia yentsholongwane zipholile kwaye zibangcono ngaphandle konyango kwisithuba seeveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3. Amanye amatyala abi kakhulu kwaye afuna ukuhlala esibhedlele.

Usulelo olubi kakhulu lunokubangela ukusilela ekuphefumuleni, ukusilela kwesibindi kunye nentliziyo ukusilela. Ngamanye amaxesha, usulelo lwebacteria lwenzeka ngexesha okanye emva nje kwepneumonia yentsholongwane, enokuthi ikhokelele kwiindlela ezinobuzaza kakhulu zenyumoniya.

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba ngaba iimpawu zentsholongwane yenyumoniya ziyakhula okanye imeko yakho iba mandundu emva kokuqala ukuphucula.

Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, emva kokuvuthela impumlo, ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela, ukucheba usana phambi kokuba utye okanye ulungiselele ukutya.

Kuphephe ukudibana nezinye izigulana ezigulayo.

Musa ukutshaya. Icuba lonakalisa ukukwazi kwemiphunga yakho ukuthintela usulelo.

Iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-palivizumab (Synagis) linokunikwa abantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezingama-24 ubudala ukukhusela i-RSV.

Isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane, sinikwa unyaka nonyaka ukuthintela inyumoniya ebangelwa yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Abo badala kwaye abo banesifo seswekile, i-asthma, isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD), umhlaza, okanye amajoni omzimba abuthathaka kufuneka aqiniseke ukufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane.

Ukuba amajoni akho omzimba abuthathaka, hlala kude nezihlwele. Buza iindwendwe ezinengqele ukuba zinxibe imaski kwaye zihlambe izandla zazo.

Inyumoniya - intsholongwane; Ukuhamba inyumoniya - intsholongwane

• I-pneumonia kubantu abadala - ukukhutshwa
• I-pneumonia kubantwana - ukukhutshwa

• Amaphaphu
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

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