): ziyintoni, iintlobo eziphambili kunye neempawu

Umxholo

• Iintlobo eziphambili
• 1. IStaphylococcus aureus
• 2. I-Staphylococcus epidermidis
• 3. I-Staphylococcus saprophyticus

I-Staphylococci ihambelana neqela le-gram-positive bacteria enobume obujikelezileyo, zifunyenwe zihlelwe ngokwamaqela, ngokufana neqela leediliya kwaye uhlobo lubizwa Istaphylococcus.

Ezi bhaktheriya zibakhona ngokwendalo ebantwini ngaphandle kwempawu zokugula. Nangona kunjalo, xa amajoni omzimba engaphuhlanga, njengakwimeko yeentsana, okanye ebuthathaka, ngenxa yonyango lwechemotherapy okanye ukwaluphala, umzekelo, ibacteria yohlobo Istaphylococcus zinokungena emzimbeni kwaye zibangele izifo.

Iintlobo eziphambili

I-Staphylococci zincinci, iibhaktheriya ezingahambelaniyo ezilungelelaniswe ngokwamaqela kwaye zinokufumaneka ngokwendalo ebantwini, ngakumbi kulusu kunye nakwiimbumba ezinamaqhuqhuva, ezingabangeli naluphi na uhlobo lwesifo. Uninzi lweentlobo ze-staph zi-anaerobic ezinesakhono, oko kukuthi, ziyakwazi ukukhula kwindawo engenayo okanye ngaphandle kweoksijini.

Iindidi ze Istaphylococcus Inokuhlelwa ngokwamaqela amabini ngokobukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-enzyme ye-coagulase. Ke, iintlobo ezine-enzyme zibizwa ngokuba zii-coagulase ezintle IStaphylococcus aureus Olona hlobo kuphela kweli qela, kunye neentlobo ezingenalo kuthiwa yi coagulase negative staphylococci, ezizezona ntlobo zazo I-Staphylococcus epidermidis kwaye I-Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

1. IStaphylococcus aureus

O IStaphylococcus aureus, okanye S. aureus, luhlobo lwe-staphylococcus oluqhele ukufunyanwa kulusu kunye ne-mucosa yabantu, ngakumbi emlonyeni nasempumlweni, kungabangeli sifo. Nangona kunjalo, xa amajoni omzimba ebuthathaka, i S. aureus inokungena emzimbeni kwaye ibangele usulelo olunokuthi lube mnene, njenge-folliculitis, okanye enzulu, enjenge-sepsis, umzekelo, enokuthi ibeke ubomi bomntu emngciphekweni.

Le bhaktiriya inokufumaneka ngokulula kwisibhedlele, kwaye inokubangela usulelo olunzima ekunokunyangwa ngenxa yokuxhathisa okufumanekayo kwintsholongwane kwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo.

O IStaphylococcus aureus inokungena emzimbeni ngamanxeba okanye iinaliti, ngakumbi kwimeko yabantu abasesibhedlele, abasebenzisa iziyobisi ezinesitofu okanye abafuna ukuthatha inaliti yeepenicillin rhoqo, umzekelo, kodwa inokudluliselwa isuka emntwini iye emntwini ngokudibana ngqo okanye ngamathontsi zikhona emoyeni ngokukhohlela kunye nokuthimla.

Ukuchongwa kosulelo ngu IStaphylococcus aureus kwenziwa ngeemviwo ze-microbiological ezinokuthi zenziwe nakweyiphi na into, oko kukuthi, ukhuseleko lwenxeba, umchamo, amathe okanye igazi. Ukongeza, ukuchongwa kwegama S. aureus inokwenziwa nge coagulase, kuba kuphela kohlobo lwe Istaphylococcus enayo i-enzyme kwaye ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-coagulase elungileyo. Bona ngakumbi malunga nokuchonga S. aureus.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu zosulelo ngu S. aureus ziyahluka ngohlobo losulelo, uhlobo losulelo kunye nemeko yomntu. Ke, kunokubakho iintlungu, ukuba bomvu kunye nokudumba eluswini, xa iintsholongwane zanda kulusu, okanye umkhuhlane omkhulu, iintlungu zemisipha, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokuqaqamba komzimba, okuhlala kubonisa ukuba ibacteria ikhona egazini.

Unyango lwenziwa njani: Unyango losulelo ngu IStaphylococcus aureus iyahluka ngokweprofayile yakho yobuntununtunu kwii-antimicrobials, ezinokwahluka ngokwamntu kunye nesibhedlele okuso, ukuba kunjalo.Ukongeza, ugqirha uthathela ingqalelo imeko yezempilo yesigulana kunye neempawu eziziswa sisigulana, ukongeza kolunye usulelo olunokubakho. Ngokwesiqhelo ugqirha ucebisa ukusebenzisa iMethicillin, iVancomycin okanye iOxacillin kangangeentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10.

2. I-Staphylococcus epidermidis

O I-Staphylococcus epidermidis okanye S. epidermidis, Kunye ne- S. aureus, ihlala ikhona kulusu, ingabangeli naluphi na uhlobo losulelo. Nangona kunjalo, S. epidermidis inokuthathwa njengengenelelayo, kuba iyakwazi ukubangela izifo xa amajoni omzimba ebuthathaka okanye engaphuhlanga, njengakwimeko yeentsana, umzekelo.

O S. epidermidis zezinye zeentsholongwane eziphambili ezibekwe bucala kwizigulana ezibhedlele, kuba ngokwendalo ikhona kulusu, kwaye ukuhlala kwayo wedwa kuhlala kuthathwa njengokungcola kwesampulu. Nangona kunjalo, S. epidermidis zidityaniswe nenani elikhulu losulelo esibhedlele ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukwenza izixhobo ze-intravascular, amanxeba amakhulu, ukufakelwa kwamalungu kunye nezivalo zentliziyo, kwaye zinokunxulunyaniswa ne-sepsis kunye ne-endocarditis, umzekelo.

Isakhono sokuthambisa izixhobo zonyango senza ukuba le ntsholongwane inganyangeki kwiintsholongwane ezininzi, ezinokwenza ukuba unyango losulelo lube nzima ngakumbi kwaye lubeke ubomi bomntu emngciphekweni.

Uqinisekiso losulelo ngu S. epidermidis kuyenzeka xa iinkcubeko zegazi ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu zilungile kule ntsholongwane. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukwahlula S. aureus ye S. epidermidis kuvavanyo lwe coagulase, apho i I-Staphylococcus epidermidis ayinayo i-enzyme, ebizwa ngokuba yi-coagulase engalunganga. Qonda indlela ekuchongwa ngayo I-Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu zosulelo ngu I-Staphylococcus epidermidis zihlala zibonakala kuphela xa ibhakteria isegazini, kwaye kunokubakho umkhuhlane omkhulu, intloko ebuhlungu, ukubola, ukuphefumla kancinci okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, umzekelo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani: Unyango losulelo ngu S. epidermidis iyahluka ngohlobo losulelo kunye neempawu ze-microorganism ekhethiweyo. Kwimeko apho usulelo luhambelana nokwenziwa kwezixhobo zonyango, umzekelo, ukubuyiselwa kwezixhobo kubonisiwe, kungoko kuphelisa ibhaktiriya.

Xa usulelo luqinisekisiwe, ugqirha usenokubonisa nokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics, ezinje ngeVancomycin kunye neRifampicin, umzekelo.

3. I-Staphylococcus saprophyticus

O I-Staphylococcus saprophyticus, okanye S. saprophyticus, Kunye ne- S. epidermidis, ithathwa njenge-coagulase negative staphylococcus, kwaye ezinye iimvavanyo ziyafuneka ukwahlula ezi ntlobo zimbini, njengovavanyo lwe-novobiocin, oluthi S. saprophyticus ihlala inzima kwaye S. epidermidis kunye novakalelo.

Le bhaktiriya inokufunyanwa ngokwendalo kulusu nakwindawo yesini, kungabikho zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, xa kukho ukungalingani kwi-genobiota yesini, i S. saprophyticus kwaye ibangele ukosuleleka komchamo, ngakumbi kwabasetyhini, kuba le bhaktiriya iyakwazi ukuhambelana neeseli zenkqubo yokuchama kwabasetyhini beminyaka yokuzala.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu zosulelo ngu S. saprophyticus ziyafana nosuleleko lomchamo, ngeentlungu kunye nobunzima bokudlula komchamo, umchamo onamafu, imvakalelo yokungakwazi ukukhupha isinyi kunye nefiva ephantsi engapheliyo, umzekelo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani: Unyango losulelo ngu S. saprophyticus kwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics, ezinjengeTrimethoprim. Nangona kunjalo, unyango ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka luboniswe kuphela ngugqirha xa kukho iimpawu, kungenjalo inokuxhasa ukuvela kweentsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo.