Umphunga owileyo (pneumothorax)

Umphunga owileyo wenzeka xa umoya uphuma emphungeni. Umoya ke uzalisa indawo engaphandle komphunga, phakathi komphunga kunye nodonga lwesifuba. Olu lwakhiwo lomoya lubeka uxinzelelo emiphungeni, ngenxa yoko alunakukhula njengoko luqhele ukwenzeka xa uthatha umphefumlo.

Igama lonyango lale meko yi-pneumothorax.

Umphunga owileyo unokubangelwa kukonzakala emiphungeni. Ukonzakala kunokubandakanya ukudutyulwa okanye inxeba lemela esifubeni, ukwaphuka kwembambo, okanye iinkqubo ezithile zonyango.

Ngamanye amaxesha, umphunga owileyo ubangelwa ngamadyungudyungu omoya (blbs) avulekileyo, athumela umoya kwindawo ejikeleze imiphunga. Oku kunokubangelwa lutshintsho loxinzelelo lomoya njengaxa ushukuma ngokuntywila okanye usiya kwindawo ephezulu.

Abantu abade, ababhityileyo nabatshayayo basemngciphekweni wokuba nomphunga owileyo.

Izifo zemiphunga zinokunyusa nethuba lokufumana umphunga owileyo. Oku kubandakanya:

• Isifo sombefu
• Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• Icystic fibrosis
• Isifo sephepha
• Umkhuhlane ohambayo

Ngamanye amaxesha, umphunga owileyo wenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yimiphunga edilikileyo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomphunga owileyo zibandakanya:

• Isifuba esibukhali okanye iintlungu zamagxa, ezenziwa mandundu kukuphefumla okunzulu okanye ukukhohlela
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• I-Nasal flaring (ukusuka ekuphefumlweni okufutshane)

I-pneumothorax enkulu ibangela iimpawu ezinzima, kubandakanya:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini
• Ukuqina kwesifuba
• Ubumhlophe obufutshane kwaye kufutshane nokuphelelwa ngamandla
• Ukudinwa okulula
• Iipateni zokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga okanye umzamo owandayo wokuphefumla
• Inqanaba lentliziyo elikhawulezayo
• Umothuko kunye nokuwa

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kumamela ukuphefumla kwakho nge-stethoscope. Ukuba unomphunga owileyo, kuncipha izandi zokuphefumla okanye akukho zandi zomoya kweli cala lichaphazelekayo. Unokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi.

Uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa lubandakanya:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Iigesi zegazi kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwegazi
• Ukuskena i-CT ukuba kukrokreleka ukonzakala okanye iimeko ezithile
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)

I-pneumothorax encinci inokuhamba yodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Unokufuna kuphela unyango lweoksijini kunye nokuphumla.

Umboneleli unokusebenzisa inaliti ukuvumela umoya ukuba uphume ujikeleze imiphunga ukuze ikhule ngokupheleleyo. Unokuvunyelwa ukuba ugoduke ukuba uhlala kufutshane nesibhedlele.

Ukuba une-pneumothorax enkulu, ityhubhu yesifuba iya kubekwa phakathi kweembambo kwindawo ejikeleze imiphunga ukunceda ukukhupha umoya kunye nokuvumela imiphunga ukuba yande. Ityhubhu yesifuba inokushiywa endaweni kangangeentsuku ezininzi kwaye unokufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele. Ukuba kusetyenziswa ityhubhu yesifuba esincinci okanye ivelufa yeflutter, ungagoduka. Uya kudinga ukubuyela esibhedlele ukuze ususe ityhubhu okanye ivelufa.

Abanye abantu abanomphunga owileyo badinga ioksijini eyongezelelweyo.

Utyando lwemiphunga lunokufuneka ukunyanga umphunga owileyo okanye ukuthintela iziqendu ezizayo. Indawo apho ukuvuza kwenzeka khona inokulungiswa. Ngamanye amaxesha, ikhemikhali ekhethekileyo ibekwa kwindawo yomphunga owileyo. Le khemikhali ibangela ukuba ibala lenze. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-pleurodesis.

Ukuba unomphunga owileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nelinye kwixa elizayo ukuba:

• Zide kwaye zibhityile
• Qhubeka nokutshaya
• Ndikhe ndaneziqendu ezimbini zemiphunga eziwayo ngaphambili

Wenza kakuhle kangakanani emva kokuba unemiphunga ewayo ixhomekeke kwinto ebangelwe yiyo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Omnye umphunga owileyo kwixesha elizayo
• Umothuko, ukuba kukho ukwenzakala okunzulu okanye usulelo, ukudumba okukhulu, okanye ulwelo emphungeni luyakhula

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba uneempawu zomphunga owileyo, ngakumbi ukuba ubunayo ngaphambili.

Akukho ndlela yaziwayo yokuthintela umphunga owileyo. Ukulandela inkqubo esemgangathweni kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-pneumothorax xa ushukuma ngokuntywila. Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko ngokungatshayi.

Umoya ojikeleze umphunga; Umoya ngaphandle kwemiphunga; Pneumothorax yehla ngemiphunga; Pneumothorax ezizenzekelayo

• Amaphaphu
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-aortic - i-x-ray yesifuba
• Pneumothorax - isifuba x-ray
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla
• Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu yesifuba-uthotho
• Pneumothorax - uthotho

Ngu-Byyny RL, ngu-Shockley LW. Ukuntywila emanzini kunye nedysbarism. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 135.

UkuKhanya kweRW, uLee YCG. Pneumothorax, chylothorax, hemothorax, kunye ne-fibrothorax. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahl 81.

URaja AS. Umonzakalo weToracic. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 38.