Ukuqhutywa kwemithambo

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo

Ushwankathelo

Inkqubo ye-nervous yenziwe ngamacandelo amabini. Icandelo ngalinye lineebhiliyoni zeeuron. Inxalenye yokuqala yinkqubo ye-nervous system. Inobuchopho kunye nomqolo womqolo, oyinto enemicu, enjengentsontelo ehamba kumqolo womqolo ezantsi embindini womqolo.

Elinye icandelo yinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomda. Inamawaka emithambo edibanisa intambo yomqolo nezihlunu kunye nee-receptors zemizwa. Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo inoxanduva lokujonga okunceda umzimba uphephe ukwenzakala okungathethekiyo. Ikwanoxanduva lomlo okanye impendulo yendiza ekunceda ukukhusela xa uziva uxinzelelo okanye ingozi.

Makhe sihlolisise i-neuron nganye ngokusondeleyo.

Nantsi i-neripheral nerve. Inye yeenyanda, okanye i-fascicles, inamakhulu emithambo-luvo.

Nantsi i-neuron nganye, ene-dendrites yayo, i-axon, kunye nomzimba weseli. Ii-dendrites zizakhiwo ezifana nomthi. Umsebenzi wabo kukufumana imiqondiso evela kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo nakwiiseli ezikhethekileyo zemithambo-luvo ezisixelela malunga nokusingqongileyo.

Umzimba weseli likomkhulu le-neuron. Iqulethe i-DNA yeseli. I-axon ihambisa imiqondiso kude nomzimba weseli iye kwezinye ii-neurons. Ii-neurons ezininzi zigqunywe ngathi ziziqwenga zocingo zombane. Ukugquma kuyabakhusela kwaye kuvumela imiqondiso yabo ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza kwi-axon. Ngaphandle kwayo, imiqondiso evela kwingqondo ayinakuze ifike kumaqela ezihlunu emalungwini.

Ii-neurons zemoto zinoxanduva lokulawula ngokuzithandela izihlunu kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kuxhomekeke kwindlela i-neurons enxibelelana ngayo. Ukuze umqondiso wombane uhambe phakathi kwee-neurons ezimbini, kufuneka kuqala uguqulwe ube ngumqondiso weekhemikhali. Emva koko inqumle isithuba esimalunga nesigidi se-intshi ububanzi. Indawo ibizwa ngokuba yi-synapse. Umqondiso weekhemikhali ubizwa ngokuba yi-neurotransmitter.

I-Neurotransmitters zivumela amawaka ezigidi ze-neurons kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ukuba zinxibelelane nabanye. Yiloo nto eyenza ukuba inkqubo ye-nervous ibe ngumnxibelelanisi weqonga lomzimba.

• Izifo zemithambo-luvo
• Iingxaki zeNeuromuscular
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo