Umhlaza wemiphunga - iseli encinci

Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana amancinci (SCLC) luhlobo olukhula ngokukhawuleza lomhlaza wemiphunga. Isasazeka ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kunesifo somhlaza esincinci esincinci.

Zimbini iintlobo ze-SCLC:

• Iseli encinci ye-carcinoma (umhlaza weseli ye-oat)
• Iseli encinci edibeneyo yeseli

Uninzi lwe-SCLCs luhlobo lwe-oat cell.

Phantse i-15% yazo zonke iimeko zomhlaza wemiphunga zii-SCLC. Umhlaza omncinci wesifo somhlaza uxhaphake kancinci emadodeni kunabafazi.

Phantse zonke iimeko ze-SCLC zibangelwa kukutshaya icuba. I-SCLC inqabile kakhulu kubantu abangazange batshaye.

I-SCLC lolona hlobo luhlaselayo lomhlaza wemiphunga. Ihlala iqala kwimibhobho yokuphefumla (i-bronchi) embindini wesifuba. Nangona iiseli zomhlaza zincinci, zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zenza amathumba amakhulu. Ezi tumors zihlala zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza (metastasize) kwamanye amalungu omzimba, kubandakanya ingqondo, isibindi kunye nethambo.

Iimpawu ze-SCLC zibandakanya:

• Isikhohlela esinegazi (phlegm)
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Khohlela
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Ukukhawuleza

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubakho nesi sifo, ngakumbi kwinqanaba lokugqibela, zibandakanya:

• Ukudumba kobuso
• Ifiva
• Ukugquma okanye ukutshintsha kwelizwi
• Ukuginya ubunzima
• Ubuthathaka

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga nembali yakho yezonyango. Uya kubuzwa ukuba uyatshaya na, ukuba kunjalo, kangakanani kwaye uza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani.

Xa umamele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope, umboneleli unokuva ulwelo olujikeleze imiphunga okanye indawo apho imiphunga ithe yawa khona. Isiphumo ngasinye sinokubonisa umhlaza.

I-SCLC ihlala isasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho ngelixesha ifunyaniswa.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa luya kubandakanya:

• Ukuskena amathambo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuskena i-CT
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi
• Ukuskena iMRI
• Ukuskena i-Positron emission tomography (PET)
• Uvavanyo lwesikhohlela (ukukhangela iiseli zomhlaza)
• I-Thoracentesis (ukususwa kolwelo kwisifuba esijikeleze imiphunga)

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iqhekeza leethishu liyasuswa kwimiphunga yakho okanye kwezinye iindawo eziza kuvavanywa ngemicroscope. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy. Zininzi iindlela zokwenza i-biopsy:

• I-Bronchoscopy idityaniswe ne-biopsy
• I-CT iskena-ngqo kwi-biopsy yenaliti
• I-endoscopic esophageal okanye i-bronchial ultrasound ene-biopsy
• I-Mediastinoscopy kunye ne-biopsy
• Vula i-lung biopsy
• I-biopsy yePleural
• I-thoracoscopy encediswa ngevidiyo

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba i-biopsy ibonisa umhlaza, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokucinga ngakumbi ukufumana inqanaba lomhlaza. Inqanaba lithetha ukuba likhulu kangakanani ithumba kwaye lide lasasazeka kangakanani. I-SCLC ihlelwa njenge:

• Akuncinci - Umhlaza usesifubeni kuphela kwaye unokunyangwa ngonyango lwemitha.
• Olubanzi - Umhlaza usasazekile ngaphandle kwendawo enokugutyungelwa yimitha.

Ngenxa yokuba i-SCLC isasazeka ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni wonke, unyango luya kubandakanya iziyobisi ezibulala umhlaza (i-chemotherapy), ezihlala zinikezelwa nge-vein (nge-IV).

Unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation lunokwenziwa kubantu abane-SCLC ethe yasasazeka emzimbeni wonke (iimeko ezininzi). Kule meko, unyango lunceda kuphela ukukhupha iimpawu kunye nokwandisa ubomi, kodwa asisinyangi isifo.

Unyango ngemitha lunokusetyenziswa ngechemotherapy ukuba utyando alunakwenzeka. Unyango lwe-radiation lusebenzisa i-x-reyi enamandla okanye ezinye iindlela zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza.

Imitha ingasetyenziselwa:

• Nyanga umhlaza, kunye ne-chemotherapy, ukuba utyando alunakwenzeka.
• Nceda unciphise iimpawu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza, ezinje ngokuphefumla kunye nokudumba.
• Nceda ukhulule iintlungu zomhlaza xa umhlaza usasazekile waya emathanjeni.

Rhoqo, i-SCLC inokuba sele isasazekile kwingqondo. Oku kunokwenzeka nangona kungekho zimpawu okanye ezinye iimpawu zomhlaza kwingqondo. Ngenxa yoko, abanye abantu abanomhlaza omncinci, okanye abanempendulo elungileyo kumjikelo wabo wokuqala wekhemotherapy, banokufumana unyango ngemitha kwingqondo. Olu nyango lwenziwa ukuthintela ukusasazeka komhlaza kwingqondo.

Ugqirha lunceda abantu abambalwa abane-SCLC kuba esi sifo sihlala sisasazeka ngexesha esifunyaniswa ngalo. Utyando lunokwenziwa xa kukho ithumba elinye elingasasazwanga. Ukuba utyando lwenziwe, i-chemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha kusafuneka.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Ukwenza kakuhle kuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza wamaphaphu usasazeke kangakanani. I-SCLC iyabulala kakhulu. Abakho baninzi abantu abanolu hlobo lomhlaza abasaphilayo kwiminyaka emi-5 emva kokuxilongwa.

Unyango lunokulolula ubomi iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12, nokuba umhlaza sele usasazekile.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukuba ngaba i-SCLC ifunyenwe kwangoko, unyango lunokubangela unyango lwexesha elide.

Biza umnikezeli wakho ukuba unempawu zomhlaza wemiphunga, ngakumbi ukuba uyatshaya.

Ukuba uyatshaya, ngoku lixesha lokuba uyeke. Ukuba unengxaki yokuyeka, thetha nomboneleli wakho. Zininzi iindlela zokukunceda uyeke, ukusuka kumaqela enkxaso ukuya kumayeza amiselweyo. Kwakhona zama ukukuphepha ukutshaya.

Ukuba uyatshaya okanye uqhele ukutshaya, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nokuvavanywa komhlaza wemiphunga. Ukuze uhlolwe, kufuneka uhlolwe i-CT yesifuba.

Umhlaza - umphunga - iseli encinci; Umhlaza omncinci wesifo somhlaza; I-SCLC

• I-Chemotherapy -yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Imitha yesifuba - ukukhutshwa
• Utyando lwemiphunga - ukukhupha
• Unyango ngemitha- imibuzo oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho

• Bronchoscopy
• Amaphaphu
• Umhlaza wemiphunga - x-ray yesifuba esecaleni
• Umhlaza wemiphunga - umphambili wesifuba x-reyi
• I-Adenocarcinoma - i-x-ray yesifuba
• Umhlaza webrononchi - CT scan
• Umhlaza webrononchial - isifuba x-ray
• Imiphunga enesifo somhlaza wesisele esine-squamous-CT scan
• Unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga - unyango ngamayeza
• Adenocarcinoma
• I-carcinoma engeyiyo encinci
• I-carcinoma encinci yeseli
• I-squamous cell carcinoma
• Umsi otshaywayo nomhlaza wemiphunga
• Imiphunga eqhelekileyo kunye nealveoli
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla
• Ukutshaya iingozi
• IBronchoscope

UAraujo LH, Uphondo L, uMerritt RE, uShilo K, uXu-Welliver M, uCarbone DP. Umhlaza wemiphunga: umhlaza wamaphaphu ongaqhelekanga kunye nomhlaza wamaphaphu omncinci. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 69.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango oluncinci lomhlaza wamaphaphu (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung- unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 1, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 5, 2019.

Iwebhusayithi yeNethiwekhi yeCancer epheleleyo yoMhlaza. Izikhokelo ze-NCCN zokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi kwi-oncology: umhlaza omncinci wesifo somhlaza. Inguqulelo 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/sclc.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa kweyeNkanga 15, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 8, 2020.

USilvestri GA, uPastis NJ, uTanner NT, uJett JR. Imiba yezonyango yomhlaza wemiphunga. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 53.