Isifo semiphunga esiphakathi

Isifo semiphunga (i-ILD) liqela lokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga apho izicwili zemiphunga ziye zitshise zize zonakaliswe.

Imiphunga inezingxobo zomoya ezincinci (alveoli), kulapho kufakwa khona ioksijini. Ezi zingxowa zomoya ziyanda ngomoya ngamnye.

Izicubu ezijikeleze ezi zingxowa zomoya zibizwa ngokuba yi-interstitium. Kubantu abanesifo semiphunga esiphakathi, esi sicwili siba lukhuni okanye sibene scarred, kwaye izingxobo zomoya azikwazi ukwandisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ayisiyiyo i-oksijini eninzi enokufika emzimbeni.

I-ILD inokwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-idiopathic ILD. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo solu hlobo.

Kukho nezizathu ezininzi ezaziwayo ze-ILD, kubandakanya:

• Izifo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo (apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela umzimba) njenge-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-sarcoidosis kunye ne-scleroderma.
• Ukudumba kwemiphunga ngenxa yokuphefumla into yelinye ilizwe ezinje ngeentlobo ezithile zothuli, ukungunda, okanye ukungunda (hypersensitivity pneumonitis).
• Amayeza (anjenge nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, bleomycin, amiodarone, methotrexate, igolide, infliximab, etanercept, kunye namanye amayeza e-chemotherapy).
• Ukunyanga ngemitha esifubeni.
• Ukusebenza okanye ujikeleze i-asbestos, uthuli lwamalahle, uthuli lomqhaphu kunye nothuli lwesilica (esibizwa ngokuba sisifo semiphunga emsebenzini).

Ukutshaya imidiza kunokwandisa umngcipheko wokuvela kwe-ILD kwaye kunokubangela ukuba esi sifo siqatsele.

Ukuphefumla kancinci luphawu oluphambili lwe-ILD. Ungaphefumla ngokukhawuleza okanye kufuneka uthathe umoya ophefumlayo:

• Ekuqaleni, ukuphefumla kancinci kunokuba nzima kwaye kuqatshelwa kuphela ngokwenza umthambo, ukunyuka izitepsi, kunye neminye imisebenzi.
• Ngokuhamba kwexesha, inokuthi yenzeke nomsebenzi onzima kangako njengokuhlamba okanye ukunxiba, kwaye njengoko esi sifo siba mandundu, nokuba kukutya okanye ukuthetha.

Uninzi lwabantu abanale meko banesikhohlela esomileyo. Ukukhwehlela okomileyo kuthetha ukuba awukhohleli nayiphi na inwebu okanye isikhohlela.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, ukunciphisa umzimba, ukudinwa, kunye nezihlunu kunye nentlungu edibeneyo ikho.

Abantu abane-ILD ehambele phambili banokuba:

• Ukwandiswa okungaqhelekanga kunye nokugoba kwesiseko seenzipho (ukubetha).
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wemilebe, ulusu, okanye iinzipho ngenxa yeqondo eliphantsi leoksijini yegazi (cyanosis).
• Iimpawu zezinye izifo ezinje ngesifo samathambo okanye ingxaki yokuginya (scleroderma), enxulunyaniswa ne-ILD.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Isandi somoya owomileyo, ophefumlayo unokuvakala xa umamele esifubeni ngestethoscope.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela izifo ezenzekelayo
• I-Bronchoscopy kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-biopsy
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Isisombululo esiphakamileyo se-CT (HRCT) sesifuba
• Isifuba seMRI
• Echocardiogram
• Vula i-lung biopsy
• Imilinganiselo yenqanaba leoksijini yegazi xa uphumle okanye xa usebenza
• Iigesi zegazi
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wePulmonary
• Uvavanyo lokuhamba ngemizuzu emithandathu (jonga ukuba ungahamba bude kangakanani kwimizuzu emi-6 kwaye mangaphi amaxesha ekufuneka uyeke ukubamba umphefumlo wakho)

Abantu abachanabeke kakhulu kwizizathu ezaziwayo zesifo semiphunga kwindawo yokusebenza bahlala bekhangelwa rhoqo kwisifo semiphunga. Le misebenzi ibandakanya ukumbiwa kwemigodi yamalahle, ukuqhushumba kwesanti, kunye nokusebenza enqanaweni.

Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobude besifo. Amayeza acinezela amajoni omzimba kunye nokunciphisa ukudumba emiphungeni amiselwe ukuba isifo somzimba sidala ingxaki.Abanye abantu abane-IPF, i-pirfenidone kunye ne-nintedanib ngamayeza amabini anokusetyenziselwa ukucothisa esi sifo. Ukuba akukho nyango oluthile lolo meko, injongo kukwenza ukhululeke ngakumbi kwaye uxhase umsebenzi wemiphunga:

• Ukuba uyatshaya, buza umboneleli wakho malunga nendlela yokuyeka ukutshaya.
• Abantu abaneqondo eliphantsi leoksijini yegazi baya kufumana unyango lweoksijini emakhayeni abo. Umgqirha wokuphefumla uya kukunceda ukuseta ioksijini. Iintsapho kufuneka zifunde ukugcinwa kweoksijini efanelekileyo kunye nokhuseleko.

Ukuvuselelwa kwemiphunga kunokubonelela ngenkxaso, kwaye kukuncede ufunde:

• Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphefumla
• Ungalicwangcisa njani ikhaya lakho ukonga umbane
• Ungazitya njani iikhalori ezaneleyo kunye nezondlo
• Uhlala njani uqinile kwaye womelele

Abanye abantu abane-ILD ephambili banokufuna ukufakelwa kwemiphunga.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Ithuba lokuchacha okanye i-ILD iye isiba mandundu lixhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nokuba sasinzima kangakanani esi sifo xa sasifunyaniswa okokuqala.

Abanye abantu abane-ILD bakhula ukusilela kwentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kwimithambo yegazi yemiphunga yabo.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis inembono engeyiyo.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Ukuphefumla kwakho kuya kusiba nzima, kukhawuleza, okanye kungaphantsi kakhulu kunangaphambili
• Awunakho ukuphefumla nzulu, okanye kufuneka uncike phambili xa uhleli
• Uba neentloko rhoqo
• Uziva uyozela okanye udidekile
• Unomkhuhlane
• Ukhohlela amafinyila amnyama
• Iminwe yakho okanye ulusu olujikeleze iinzipho zakho luhlaza

Ukusasaza isifo semiphunga; Alveolitis; Idiopathic pulmonary pneumonitis (IPP)

• Indlela yokuphefumla xa unomoya omfutshane
• Isifo semiphunga esiphakathi kwabantu abadala- ukukhutshwa
• Ukhuseleko lweoksijini
• Ukuhamba neengxaki zokuphefumla
• Sebenzisa ioksijini ekhaya

• Iklabhu
• Abasebenzi bamalahle i-pneumoconiosis-inqanaba II
• Abasebenzi bamalahle i-pneumoconiosis-inqanaba II
• Amalahle abasebenzi pneumoconiosis, nzima
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

ICorte TJ, iDu Bois RM, i Wells AU. Izifo ezinxulumene nezihlunu. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 65.

URaghu G, uMartinez FJ. Isifo semiphunga esiphakathi. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 86.

URyu JH, uSelman M, uColby TV, uKumkani TE. I-pneumonias yangaphakathi ye-Idiopathic. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 63.