Stroke - ukubhobhoza

Ubusesibhedlele emva kokubethwa sistroke. Stroke senzeka xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuye kwenye indawo yengqondo kuyeka.

Ekhaya landela imiyalelo yomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokuzikhathalela. Sebenzisa olu lwazi lungezantsi njengesikhumbuzo.

Okokuqala, ufumene unyango ukuthintela umonakalo ongaphezulu kwingqondo, kunye nokunceda intliziyo, imiphunga kunye namanye amalungu abalulekileyo aphile.

Emva kokuba uzinzile, oogqirha baye bavavanya kwaye baqala unyango ukukunceda ukuba uphinde uphinde uphinde uthintele ukubetha kwangaphambili. Usenokuba uhlala kwiyunithi ekhethekileyo enceda abantu ukuba bachache emva kokubethwa sistroke.

Ngenxa yokwenzakala kwengqondo okunokubakho ngenxa yokubetha, unokuthi uqaphele iingxaki nge:

• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha
• Ukwenza imisebenzi elula
• Imemori
• Ukuhambisa icala elinye lomzimba
• Ukudumba kwezihlunu
• Ukunikela ingqalelo
• Ukuziva okanye ukuqonda ngelungu elinye lomzimba
• Ukuginya
• Ukuthetha okanye ukuqonda abanye
• Ukucinga
• Ukubona kwelinye icala (hemianopia)

Unokufuna uncedo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla obukade uyenza wedwa ngaphambi kokubetha.

Uxinzelelo emva kokubetha kuqhelekile njengoko ufunda ukuhlala notshintsho. Ingakhula ngokukhawuleza emva kokubetha okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emibini emva kokubetha.

Musa ukuqhuba imoto yakho ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.

Ukuhambahamba kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yesiqhelo kunokuba nzima emva kokubetha.

Qiniseka ukuba ikhaya lakho likhuselekile. Buza ugqirha wakho, ugqirha, okanye umongikazi malunga nokwenza utshintsho ekhayeni lakho ukwenza kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Fumanisa malunga nento onokuyenza ukuthintela ukuwa kwaye ugcine igumbi lakho lokuhlambela likhuselekile ukuba ulisebenzise.

Usapho kunye nabanonopheli banokufuna ukunceda:

• Ukuzivocavoca ukugcina iingqiniba zakho, amagxa, kunye namanye amalungu ekhululekile
• Ukujonga ukuqiniswa ngokudibeneyo (iikhontrakthi)
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziqwenga zisetyenziswa ngendlela echanekileyo
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingalo nemilenze zikwindawo entle xa uhleli okanye ulele

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo usebenzisa isitulo esinamavili, undwendwelo olulandelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba lulunga kakuhle kubalulekile ukukhusela izilonda kulusu.

• Jonga yonke imihla izilonda zoxinzelelo kwizithende, emaqatheni, emadolweni, esinqeni, emathanjeni, nakwiingqiniba.
• Guqula indawo kwisitulo esinamavili amatyeli aliqela ngeyure emini ukunqanda izilonda zoxinzelelo.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphanga, funda ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuba kubenzima ngakumbi. Wena okanye umntu omkhathalelayo unokufunda imithambo ukuze ugcine izihlunu zakho zilahlekile.
• Funda ngendlela yokuthintela uxinzelelo lwezilonda.

Iingcebiso zokwenza impahla kube lula ukuyibeka kwaye uyikhulule zezi:

• IVelcro ilula kakhulu kunamaqhosha kunye neeziphu. Onke amaqhosha kunye neeziphu kufuneka zibe ngaphambili kwisiqwenga sempahla.
• Sebenzisa iimpahla zepullover kunye nezihlangu ezityibilikayo.

Abantu abaye bahlaselwa sistroke banokuba nengxaki yokuthetha okanye yolwimi. Iingcebiso kusapho nakubanakekeli ukuphucula unxibelelwano zibandakanya:

• Gcina iziphazamiso kunye nengxolo phantsi. Gcina ilizwi lakho liphantsi. Yiya kwigumbi elizolileyo. Musa ukukhwaza.
• Vumela ixesha elininzi lokuba umntu aphendule imibuzo kwaye aqonde imiyalelo. Emva kokubetha, kuthatha ixesha elide ukwenza oko kuthethiweyo.
• Sebenzisa amagama nezivakalisi ezilula, thetha kancinci. Buza imibuzo ngendlela enokuphendulwa ngo-ewe okanye uhayi. Xa kunokwenzeka, nika ukhetho olucacileyo. Musa ukunika ukhetho oluninzi.
• Yahlula imiyalelo ibe ngamanyathelo amancinci nelula.
• Phinda xa kufuneka njalo. Sebenzisa amagama aqhelekileyo kunye neendawo. Yazisa xa uza kuwutshintsha umxholo.
• Mjonge emehlweni ngaphambi kokuchukumisa okanye ukuthetha ukuba kunokwenzeka.
• Sebenzisa iipropu okanye izibonisi xa kunokwenzeka. Musa ukunika ukhetho oluninzi. Unokwazi ukusebenzisa ukukhomba okanye ukuhambisa izandla okanye ukuzoba. Sebenzisa isixhobo se-elektroniki, njengekhompyuter yethebhulethi okanye iselfowuni, ukubonisa imifanekiso ukunceda kunxibelelwano.

Iimbilini ezinceda izibilini zisebenze kakuhle zingonakaliswa emva kokubetha. Yiba nesiqhelo. Nje ukuba ufumane indlela yesiqhelo esebenzayo, yima kuyo:

• Khetha ixesha eliqhelekileyo, elinjengemva kwesidlo okanye ibhafu efudumeleyo, ukuzama ukuba nokuhamba kwamathumbu.
• Linda. Ingathabatha imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-45 ukuba nokuhamba kwamathumbu.
• Zama ngobunono uhlikihla isisu sakho ukunceda ilindle ukuba lihambe kwikholoni yakho.

Kuphephe ukuqhina:

• Sela iziselo ezingaphezulu.
• Hlala usebenza okanye usebenze ngakumbi ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Yitya ukutya okunemisonto emininzi.

Buza umboneleli wakho malunga namayeza owathathayo anokubangela ukuqunjelwa (njengamayeza oxinzelelo, iintlungu, ulawulo lwesinyi, kunye nokudumba kwemisipha).

Gcwalisa yonke imigqaliselo yakho ngaphambi kokuba ugoduke. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathe amayeza akho ngendlela athe umboneleli wakho ukuxelele ngayo. Musa ukuthatha naziphi na iziyobisi, izongezo, iivithamini, okanye imifuno ngaphandle kokubuza umboneleli wakho ngazo.

Unokunikwa elinye okanye ngaphezulu kula mayeza alandelayo. Ezi zinto zenzelwe ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi okanye i-cholesterol, kunye nokugcina igazi lakho lingabonakali. Banokukunceda ukuthintela esinye isifo:

• Amayeza e-antiplatelet (i-aspirin okanye i-clopidogrel) inceda ukugcina igazi lakho lingadibani.
• I-Beta blocker, i-diuretics (iipilisi zamanzi), kunye namayeza e-ACE inhibitor alawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye akhusele intliziyo yakho.
• Iingxelo zinciphisa i-cholesterol yakho.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, lawula iswekile yegazi lakho kwinqanaba ucebisa ngalo umboneleli wakho.

Sukuyeka ukuthatha naliphi na kula mayeza.

Ukuba uthatha igazi elincinci, njenge-warfarin (Coumadin), unokufuna ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi olongezelelweyo.

Ukuba unengxaki yokuginya, kuya kufuneka ufunde ukulandela ukutya okukhethekileyo okwenza ukutya kukhuseleke. Iimpawu zeengxaki zokuginya ziyaminxa okanye ukhohlele xa usitya. Funda iingcebiso zokwenza ukondla nokuginya kube lula kwaye kukhuseleke.

Kunqande ukutya okunetyiwa nokutya okunamafutha kwaye hlala kude neeresityu zokutya okukhawulezayo ukwenza intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi isempilweni.

Nciphisa utywala obuselayo ukuya kwisiselo esi-1 ngosuku ukuba ungumfazi kunye neziselo ezi-2 ngosuku ukuba uyindoda. Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba kulungile ukuba usele utywala.

Gcina usesikhathini kunye nokugonywa kwakho. Fumana umkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ufuna inyumoniya.

Musa ukutshaya. Buza umboneleli wakho ngoncedo lokuyeka xa ufuna njalo. Musa ukuvumela nabani na atshaye ekhayeni lakho.

Zama ukuhlala kude neemeko zoxinzelelo. Ukuba uziva uxinezelekile ngalo lonke ixesha okanye uziva ubuhlungu kakhulu, thetha nomboneleli wakho.

Ukuba uziva ulusizi okanye uxinezelekile ngamanye amaxesha, thetha nosapho okanye abahlobo malunga noku. Buza umboneleli wakho malunga nokufuna uncedo lobuchule.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unayo:

• Iingxaki zokuthatha iziyobisi ngezihlunu zemisipha
• Iingxaki zokuhambisa amalungu akho (isivumelwano esidibeneyo)
• Iingxaki zokuhamba okanye ukuphuma ebhedini okanye kwisitulo sakho
• Izilonda zolusu okanye bomvu
• Intlungu eya isiba mandundu
• Ukuwa kwangoku
• Ukutswina okanye ukukhohlela xa usitya
• Iimpawu zosulelo lwesinyi (umkhuhlane, ukutshisa xa uchama, okanye ukuchama rhoqo)

Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba ezi mpawu zilandelayo zikhula ngesiquphe okanye zintsha:

• Ubudenge okanye ubuthathaka bobuso, ingalo, okanye umlenze
• Ukungaboni kakuhle okanye ukunciphisa umbono
• Andikwazi ukuthetha okanye ukuqonda
• Ukuba nesiyezi, ukulahleka kwebhalansi, okanye ukuwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu

Isifo se-cerebrovascular - ukukhutshwa; CVA - ukubhobhoza; I-Cerebral infarction - ukukhutshwa; Ukopha ebuchotsheni - ukubhobhoza; Ischemic stroke - ukukhutshwa; Stroke - ischemic - ukubhobhoza; Ukubethwa kwesibini ukuya kwi-fibrillation ye-atrial - ukukhutshwa; Ukubetha kwentliziyo - ukukhutshwa; Ukuphuma kwegazi lobuchopho - ukukhutshwa; Ukopha kobuchopho - ukukhutshwa; Stroke - hemorrhagic - ukubhobhoza; Isifo se-cerebrovascular hemorrhagic - ukukhutshwa; Ingozi yeCerebrovascular - ukukhutshwa

• Ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi

I-Dobkin BH. Ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwesigulana ngesifo. Ku: Grotta JC, Albers GW, Broderick JP, et al, ii-eds. Stroke: IPathophysiology, uDiagnosis, kunye noLawulo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 58.

IKernan WN, iOvbiagele B, iBlack HR, et al. Izikhokelo zokuthintela ukubethwa sisifo kwizigulana ezinesifo sokubethwa kunye nokuhlaselwa kwesistim okwethutyana: isikhokelo seengcali kwezempilo ezivela kwiAmerican Heart Association / American Stroke Association. Ukubetha. Ngo-2014; 45 (7): 2160-2236. IINKCUKACHA: 24788967 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24788967/.

Amaziko kaZwelonke wezeMpilo. IZiko leLizwe leengxaki zeNeological kunye newebhusayithi yeStroke. Uxwebhu lwenyani lwasemva kwesibetho. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Post-Stroke-Rehabilitation-Fact-Sheet. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 13, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 5, 2020.

UWinstein CJ, uStein J, uArena R, et al. Izikhokelo zokuvuselela ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo nokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo: isikhokelo seengcali kwezempilo ezivela kwiAmerican Heart Association / American Stroke Association. Ukubetha. Ngo-2016; 47 (6): e98-e169. IINKCUKACHA: 27145936 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27145936/.

• Ukulungiswa kwe-aneurysm yobuchopho
• Utyando lobuchopho
• Utyando lweCarotid-luvulekile
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini
• Ukuchacha emva kokubethwa
• Ukubetha
• Iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokuyeka ukutshaya
• Uhlaselo lwexeshana lweschemic

• I-ACE inhibitors
• Iziyobisi Antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
• I-Aspirin kunye nesifo sentliziyo
• Ukhuseleko kwigumbi lokuhlambela kubantu abadala
• Utyando lobuchopho-ukukhutshwa
• Ibhotolo, imajarini neeoli zokupheka
• Ukunyamekela ukuxhamla kwemisipha okanye i-spasms
• Cholesterol kunye nendlela yokuphila
• Cholesterol - unyango lweziyobisi
• Ukunxibelelana nomntu one-aphasia
• Ukunxibelelana nomntu one-dysarthria
• Ukuqunjelwa - ukuzikhathalela
• Ukuqunjelwa-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Inkqubo yemihla ngemihla yokunakekelwa kwamathumbu
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nokuqhuba
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo-indlela yokuziphatha kunye neengxaki zokulala
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo-ukhathalelo lwemihla ngemihla
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi-ukugcina sikhuselekile ekhaya
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi-yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho
• Kuchazwe amafutha ezempilo
• Iingcebiso zokutya okukhawulezayo
• Ityhubhu yokondla isisu - i-bolus
• Ityhubhu yokondla iJejunostomy
• Ukuzivocavoca kukaKegel-ukuzikhathalela
• Ukutya okunetyuwa encinci
• Ukutya kweMeditera
• Izilonda zoxinzelelo-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ukuthintela ukuwa
• Ukuthintela ukuwa-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ukuthintela izilonda zoxinzelelo
• Ukuzikhetha ngokwakho - umntu obhinqileyo
• Ukuzikhathaza umzimba ngokwakho-yindoda
• Unonophelo lwe-catheter ye-Suprapubic
• Ukuginya iingxaki
• Iingxowa zokuhambisa umchamo
• Xa une-incontinence yomchamo

• Isifo sentliziyo
• Ischemic Stroke
• Ukubetha