Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Ihypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) yimeko apho izihlunu zentliziyo ziba nkulu khona. Rhoqo, lilungu elinye kuphela lentliziyo elijiyileyo kunamanye amalungu.

Ukuqina kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuba igazi liphume entliziyweni, linyanzela intliziyo ukuba isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Inokwenza kube nzima ukuba intliziyo ikhululeke kwaye igcwalise ngegazi.

Ihypertrophic cardiomyopathy ihlala idluliswa kwiintsapho (ezizuzwe njengelifa). Kucingelwa ukuba kubangelwa kukusilela kwizakhi zofuzo ezilawula ukukhula kwemisipha yentliziyo.

Abantu abancinci banokufumana uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Nangona kunjalo, imeko ibonakala kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka.

Abanye abantu abanesi sifo abanakuba nazimpawu. Banokufumana kuqala ukuba banengxaki ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lonyango.

Kubantu abadala abancinci, uphawu lokuqala lwehypertrophic cardiomyopathy kukuwa ngesiquphe kunye nokufa okunokwenzeka. Oku kunokubangelwa ziingxaki zentliziyo engaqhelekanga (arrhythmias). Isenokuba ngenxa yokuvaleka okuthintela ukuphuma kwegazi elisuka entliziyweni liye kuwo wonke umzimba.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ukufa isiqaqa, ngakumbi xa usenza umthambo
• Ukudinwa
• Ubumhlophe obukhanyayo, ngakumbi kunye nasemva komsebenzi okanye umthambo
• Imvakalelo yokuziva intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokungaqhelekanga (ukubetha kwentliziyo)
• Ukuphefumla kancinci kunye nomsebenzi okanye emva kokulala phantsi (okanye ukulala okwethutyana)

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye amamele intliziyo kunye nemiphunga nge-stethoscope. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Intliziyo engaqhelekanga izandi okanye intliziyo iyambombozela. Ezi zandi zinokutshintsha zinendawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
• Igazi elonyukayo.

Ukubetha kweengalo nasentanyeni kuya kujongwa. Umboneleli unokuziva ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga esifubeni.

Uvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubunzima bentliziyo yemisipha, iingxaki zokuhamba kwegazi, okanye iivali zentliziyo ezivuzayo (mitral valve regurgitation) inokubandakanya:

• Echocardiography
• ECG
• Ukujonga iliso le-Holter yeeyure ezingama-24
• Ukucinywa kwentliziyo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-MRI yentliziyo
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwentliziyo
• I-transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukulawula ezinye izifo.

Vala amalungu osapho abantu abaye bafumanisa ukuba bane-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy banokujongwa imeko.

Soloko ulandela ingcebiso yomboneleli wakho malunga nokuzilolonga ukuba unehypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Unokuxelelwa ukuba uphephe umthambo onzima. Kwakhona jonga umboneleli wakho malunga nokuhlolwa okucwangcisiweyo rhoqo.

Ukuba uneempawu, unokufuna amayeza afana ne-beta-blockers kunye ne-calcium channel blockers ukunceda isivumelwano sentliziyo kunye nokuphumla ngokuchanekileyo. La machiza anokuthomalalisa iintlungu zesifuba okanye ukuphefumla kancinci xa usenza umthambo.

Abantu abane-arrhythmias banokufuna unyango, njengale:

• Amayeza ukunyanga isingqisho esingaqhelekanga.
• Abanciphisi begazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wee-clots zegazi (ukuba i-arrhythmia ingenxa ye-fibrillation ye-atrial).
• I-pacemaker esisigxina yokulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo.
• I-defibrillator efakelweyo eqonda isingqi sentliziyo esisongela ubomi kwaye ithumele ukubetha kombane ukubamisa. Ngamanye amaxesha kufakwa i-defibrillator, nokuba isigulana asinayo i-arrhythmia kodwa sengozini enkulu ye-arrhythmia ebulalayo (umzekelo, ukuba izihlunu zentliziyo zikhulu kakhulu okanye zibuthathaka, okanye isigulana sinesihlobo esife ngesiquphe).

Xa ukuphuma kwegazi entliziyweni kuvaliwe kakhulu, iimpawu zinokuba nzima. Umsebenzi obizwa ngokuba yi-myectomy yotyando unokwenziwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu banokunikwa inaliti yotywala kwimithambo eyondla indawo eqinileyo yentliziyo (ukususwa kwesiselo esinxilisayo). Abantu abanale nkqubo bahlala bebonisa ukuphucuka okukhulu.

Unokufuna utyando ukulungisa i-mitral valve yentliziyo ukuba iyavuza.

Abanye abantu abane-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy abanakho ukuba neempawu kwaye baya kuba nobomi obuqhelekileyo. Abanye banokuba mandundu ngokuthe ngcembe okanye ngokukhawuleza. Kwezinye iimeko, imeko inokukhula ibe yi-cardiomyopathy.

Abantu abane-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufa ngesiquphe kunabantu abangenayo le meko. Ukufa ngesiquphe kunokwenzeka esemncinci.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ezineziganeko ezahlukeneyo. Imbonakalo inokuba bhetele xa isifo sivela kubantu abadala okanye xa kukho ipateni ethile yobungqingqwa kwintliziyo yemisipha.

Ihypertrophic cardiomyopathy sisizathu esaziwayo sokufa ngesiquphe kwiimbaleki. Phantse isiqingatha sokusweleka ngenxa yale meko yenzeka ngexesha okanye emva nje kohlobo oluthile lomsebenzi womzimba.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Unayo nayiphi na impawu ye-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
• Uhlakulela iintlungu zesifuba, ukubetha, ukuphelelwa ngamandla, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezintsha okanye ezingachazwanga.

Cardiomyopathy - hypertrophic (HCM); IHSS; Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis; Isisindo se-septal hypertrophy; Uthuthu; I-HOCM; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy yokuthintela

• Icandelo lentliziyo phakathi embindini
• Intliziyo - umbono wangaphambili
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

UMaron BJ, uMaron MS, u-Olivotto I. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo seBraunwald: Incwadi yesifundo seMpilo yeNtliziyo. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahl. 78.

UMcKenna WJ, uElliott PM. Izifo ze-myocardium kunye ne-endocardium. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 54.