IHepatitis B

I-Hepatitis B kukucaphuka kunye nokudumba (ukudumba) kwesibindi ngenxa yosulelo kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B (HBV).

Ezinye iintlobo ze-hepatitis yentsholongwane zibandakanya i-hepatitis A, i-hepatitis C, kunye ne-hepatitis D.

Unokubamba usulelo lwe-hepatitis B ngokudibana negazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba (isidoda, ulwelo lobufazi, kunye namathe) omntu onentsholongwane.

Ukubonakaliswa kunokwenzeka:

• Emva kwenaliti okanye ukonzakala okubukhali
• Ukuba naliphi na igazi okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba luchukumisa ulusu lwakho, amehlo okanye umlomo, okanye izilonda ezivulekileyo okanye ukusika

Abantu abanokuba semngciphekweni we-hepatitis B ngabo:

• Ukwabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga neqabane elosulelekileyo
• Fumana utofelo-gazi (aluqhelekanga eMelika)
• Nxibelelana negazi emsebenzini (njengabasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo)
• Bekwi-dialysis yexesha elide yezintso
• Yenza umvambo okanye iacupuncture ngeenaliti ezingahlambulukanga
• Yabelana ngeenaliti ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• Yabelana ngezinto zakho zobuqu (ezinjengebrashi yamazinyo, incakuba, kunye neziciko zezikhonkwane) nomntu onentsholongwane
• Bazalelwe kumama osulelekileyo wesifo sesibindi

Lonke igazi elisetyenziselwa utofelo-gazi liyavavanywa, ngoko ke ithuba lokufumana intsholongwane ngale ndlela lincinci kakhulu.

Emva kokuba wosulelwe yi-HBV:

• Awunakuba nazimpawu.
• Unokuziva ugula kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki.
• Unokugula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu (okubizwa ngokuba yi-fulminant hepatitis).

Iimpawu ze-hepatitis B zisenokungabonakali ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6 emva kwexesha losulelo. Iimpawu zokuqala zibandakanya:

• Ukulahleka kokutya
• Ukudinwa
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi
• Imisipha kunye namalungu adibeneyo
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Isikhumba esimthubi kunye nomchamo omnyama

Iimpawu ziya kuhamba kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ukuba umzimba wakho uyakwazi ukulwa usulelo. Abanye abantu abaze balahle i-HBV. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hepatitis B.

Abantu abane-hepatitis engapheliyo abanakho ukuba neempawu kwaye abanokwazi ukuba bosulelekile. Ngexesha elingaphezulu, banokuphuhlisa iimpawu zomonakalo wesibindi kunye nokuqina kwesibindi.

Ungayisasaza i-HBV kwabanye abantu, nokuba awunampawu.

Uthotho lweemvavanyo zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yiphaneli yesifo se-hepatitis wentsholongwane yenziwa ngokukrokrela i-hepatitis. Inokukunceda ukufumanisa:

• Usulelo olutsha
• Usulelo oludala olusasebenza
• Usulelo oludala alusasebenzi

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zenzelwa ukujonga ukonakala kwesibindi ukuba une-hepatitis B engapheliyo:

• Inqanaba lealbhamu
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi
• Ixesha leprothrombin

Uya kuvavanywa ukulinganisa inqanaba le-HBV egazini lakho (umthwalo wentsholongwane). Oku kwenza ukuba umboneleli wakho wezempilo azi ukuba lusebenza njani unyango lwakho.

Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba ne-hepatitis kufuneka bahlolwe uvavanyo lwegazi. Oku kunokufuneka nokuba bengenazo iimpawu. Izinto ezikhokelela kumngcipheko owandayo zibandakanya:

• Imiba yomngcipheko echazwe apha ngasentla kwi Oonobangela icandelo.
• Abantu abavela kumazwe apho inani eliphezulu labantu bane-hepatitis B. La mazwe okanye le mimandla ibandakanya iJapan, amanye amazwe aseMeditera, iinxalenye zeAsia kunye noMbindi Mpuma, iNtshona Afrika kunye neSouth Sudan.

I-hepatitis ebukhali, ngaphandle kokuba ibuhlungu, ayifuni nyango. Isibindi kunye neminye imisebenzi yomzimba ijongiwe kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwegazi. Kuya kufuneka uphumle ngokwaneleyo ebhedini, usele ulwelo oluninzi, kwaye utye ukutya okusempilweni.

Abanye abantu abane-hepatitis engapheliyo banokunyangwa ngamachiza antiviral. La mayeza anokunciphisa okanye asuse i-hepatitis B egazini. Elinye lamayeza ngenaliti ebizwa ngokuba yi-interferon. Ziyanceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sokuqina kwesibindi kunye nomhlaza wesibindi.

Akusoloko kucacile ukuba ngabaphi abantu abane-hepatitis B engapheliyo ekufuneka befumene unyango lweziyobisi kwaye kufuneka luqale nini. Usengozini yokufumana la mayeza ukuba:

• Umsebenzi wesibindi ngokukhawuleza uba mandundu.
• Uba neempawu zomonakalo wesibindi wexesha elide.
• Unamanqanaba aphezulu e-HBV egazini lakho.
• Ukhulelwe.

Ukuze la mayeza asebenze kakuhle, kufuneka uwathathe njengoko kuyalelwe ngumboneleli wakho. Buza ukuba zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga onokuzilindela nokuba uza kwenza ntoni xa unazo. Asinguye wonke umntu ofuna ukuthatha la mayeza aphendula kakuhle.

Ukuba uhlakulela ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi, unokuqwalaselwa ngokufakelwa kwesibindi. Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kukuphela kwonyango kwezinye iimeko zokungaphumeleli kwesibindi.

Amanye amanyathelo onokuwathatha:

• Gwema utywala.
• Jonga umboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naliphi na iyeza okanye amayeza esiza. Oku kubandakanya amayeza afana ne-acetaminophen, i-aspirin, okanye ibuprofen.

Ukonakala kwesibindi, okanye i-cirrhosis, kunokubangelwa yi-hepatitis B.

Abanye abantu bayazuza ngokuya kwiqela lenkxaso yesifo sesibindi.

Isifo esibuhlungu sihlala siphela emva kweeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3. Isibindi sihlala sibuyele kwesiqhelo kwiinyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 kubantu abaninzi.

Phantse bonke abantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa kunye nesiqingatha sabantwana abafumana i-hepatitis B bahlakulela imeko engapheliyo. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abadala abafumana intsholongwane yokuphuhlisa i-hepatitis B.

Kukho inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu lomhlaza wesibindi kubantu abane-hepatitis B.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Uphuhlisa iimpawu ze-hepatitis B.
• Iimpawu zeHepatitis B azihambi kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3, okanye kuvele iimpawu ezintsha.
• Ukwiqela elinomngcipheko ophezulu we-hepatitis B kwaye khange ufumane isitofu sokugonya se-HBV.

Abantwana kunye nabantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu we-hepatitis B kufuneka bafumane isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B.

• Iintsana kufuneka zifumane idosi yokuqala yokugonya i-hepatitis B ekuzalweni. Kuya kufuneka babe nazo zonke izithonga ezi-3 kuthotho lwe-6 ukuya kwi-18 yeenyanga ubudala.
• Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-19 abangakhange bafumane iyeza lokugonya kufuneka bafumane iidosi "zokubamba".
• Abasebenzi bezempilo kunye nabo bahlala nomntu one-hepatitis B kufuneka bafumane isitofu sokugonya.
• Iintsana ezizalwe ngoomama abane-hepatitis B ebukhali okanye abanesifo kwixa elidlulileyo kufuneka bafumane isitofu sokugonya esikhethekileyo se-hepatitis B kwisithuba seeyure ezili-12 zokuzalwa.

Ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis B okanye i-hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) inokunceda ukuthintela usulelo ukuba uyifumana kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 zokudibana nentsholongwane.

Amanyathelo okuphepha ukunxibelelana negazi kunye neencindi zomzimba anokunceda ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwesifo sokudumba kwesibindi kohlobo B kumntu-kumntu.

• Intsholongwane yeHepatitis B
• Inkqubo yokwetyisa
• I-hepatitis engapheliyo
• IHepatitis B

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