Imethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

I-MRSA imele ukunganyangeki kwimethicillin IStaphylococcus aureus. I-MRSA yintsholongwane "ye-staph" (ibhaktiriya) engangcoliyo ngohlobo lwee-antibiotics eziqhele ukunyanga usulelo lwe-staph.

Xa oku kusenzeka, intsholongwane kuthiwa iyamelana neyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane.

Uninzi lweentsholongwane ze-staph zisasazeka ngokudibana kolusu nolusu (ukuchukumisa). Ugqirha, umongikazi, omnye umboneleli wezempilo, okanye abatyelele esibhedlele banokuba neentsholongwane emzimbeni wabo ezinokuthi zisasazeke kwisigulana.

Nje ukuba intsholongwane ye-staph ingene emzimbeni, inokusasazeka iye emathanjeni, kumalungu, egazini, okanye kulo naliphi na ilungu, elinje ngemiphunga, intliziyo, okanye ingqondo.

Usulelo olukhulu lwe-staph luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaneengxaki ezingapheliyo (zexesha elide) kwezonyango. Oku kubandakanya abo:

• Ngaba basezibhedlele nakwizibonelelo zokhathalelo lwexesha elide ixesha elide
• Ngaba kwi-dialysis yezintso (hemodialysis)
• Ukufumana unyango lomhlaza okanye amayeza atyhafaza amajoni abo omzimba

Usulelo lwe-MRSA lunokwenzeka nakubantu abasempilweni abangakhange babesesibhedlele kutshanje. Uninzi lwezi zifo ze-MRSA zisesikhumbeni, okanye ngaphantsi, kwimiphunga. Abantu abanokuba semngciphekweni zezi:

• Iimbaleki nabanye ababelana ngezinto ezifana neetawuli okanye iireyiza
• Abantu abatofa iziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni
• Abantu abaye benza utyando kunyaka ophelileyo
• Abantwana kwindawo yokugcina abantwana
• Amalungu omkhosi
• Abantu abafumene iitattoos
• Usulelo lomkhuhlane lwamva nje

Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abasempilweni babe ne-staph kulusu lwabo. Uninzi lwethu luyakwenza oko. Uninzi lwexesha, alubangeli usulelo okanye naziphi na iimpawu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "likholoni" okanye "ukwenziwa ikoloniyoni." Umntu okoloniyali noMRSA angayisasaza kwabanye abantu.

Umqondiso wosulelo lwesikhumba se-staph yindawo ebomvu, edumbileyo, kwaye ebuhlungu kulusu. I-Pus okanye olunye ulwelo lunokukhupha kule ndawo. Ingabonakala njengethumba. Ezi mpawu zinokwenzeka ukuba isikhumba sinqunyiwe okanye sihlikihliwe, kuba oku kunika intsholongwane ye-MRSA indlela yokungena emzimbeni wakho. Iimpawu zikwanokwenzeka kwiindawo apho kukho iinwele zomzimba ezininzi, kuba intsholongwane inokungena kwiifollic zeenwele.

Usulelo lwe-MRSA kubantu abakumaziko okhathalelo lwempilo luye lube nzima. Ezi zifo zingase zibe kwigazi, intliziyo, imiphunga okanye amanye amalungu, umchamo, okanye kwindawo yotyando lwamva nje. Ezinye zeempawu zezifo ezinzima zingabandakanya:

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukukhwehlela okanye ukuphefumla kancinci
• Ukudinwa
• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Imvakalelo yokugula ngokubanzi
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Irhashalala
• Amanxeba angapholiyo

Ekuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unayo i-MRSA okanye usulelo lwe-staph kukubona umboneleli.

I-swab yekotoni isetyenziselwa ukuqokelela isampulu kulusu oluvulekileyo lolusu okanye isikhumba esibuhlungu. Okanye, isampulu yegazi, umchamo, isikhohlela, okanye ubofu ovela kwithumba unokuqokelelwa. Isampulu ithunyelwa kwilebhu ukuvavanya ukuba yeyiphi na ibhaktiriya ekhoyo, kubandakanya ne-staph. Ukuba kufunyenwe i-staph, iya kuvavanywa ukubona ukuba zeziphi i-antibiotics ezikhoyo kwaye ayisebenzi ngokuchasene nayo. Le nkqubo inceda ukuxelela ukuba ngaba i-MRSA ikhona kwaye yeyiphi i-antibiotics enokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo.

Ukucoca intsholongwane kunokuba yonyango kuphela olufunekayo kwisifo se-MRSA esingasasazekanga. Umboneleli kufuneka enze le nkqubo. Ungazami ukuvula uvule usulelo ngokwakho. Gcina nasiphi na isilonda okanye isilonda sigqunywe ngebhandeji ecocekileyo.

Izifo ezosulelayo ze-MRSA ziba nzima ukunyanga. Iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwelebhu ziya kuxelela ugqirha ukuba yeyiphi i-antibiotic eya kunyanga usulelo lwakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kulandela izikhokelo malunga nokuba zeziphi i-antibiotics onokuzisebenzisa, kwaye uya kujonga imbali yakho yezempilo. Ukusuleleka kwi-MRSA kunzima ukunyanga ukuba kwenzeka ku:

• Imiphunga okanye igazi
• Abantu abasele begula okanye abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka

Kuya kufuneka uqhubeke uthatha i-antibiotics ixesha elide, nasemva kokuba uphumile esibhedlele.

Qiniseka ukuba ulandela imiyalelo malunga nokhathalelo losulelo lwakho ekhaya.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-MRSA, bona iZiko loLawulo lweSiza kwiwebhusayithi: www.cdc.gov/mrsa.

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke ekubeni lukhulu kangakanani usulelo, kunye nempilo yomntu iyonke. I-pneumonia kunye nosulelo lwegazi ngenxa ye-MRSA zinxulunyaniswa namazinga aphezulu okusweleka.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unenxeba elibonakala lisonakala endaweni yokuphilisa.

Landela la manyathelo ukunqanda usulelo lwe-staph kunye nokuthintela usulelo ekusasazeni:

• Gcina izandla zakho zicocekile ngokuzihlamba kakuhle ngesepha namanzi. Okanye, sebenzisa i-sanitizer yesandla esekwe etywaleni.
• Hlamba izandla zakho ngokukhawuleza emva kokushiya indawo yokhathalelo lwempilo.
• Gcina ukusikeka kunye nokukhuhla kucocekile kwaye kugqunywe ngamabhandeji ade aphile.
• Kuphephe ukunxibelelana namanye amanxeba abantu okanye amabhandeshi.
• MUSA ukwabelana ngezinto zobuqu ezinje ngeetawuli, impahla yokunxiba okanye izinto zokuthambisa.

Amanyathelo alula eimbaleki abandakanya:

• Gquma amanxeba ngebhandeji ecocekileyo. MUSA ukuchukumisa amabhandeji abanye abantu.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngaphambi nasemva kokudlala imidlalo.
• Hlamba kanye emva kokuzilolonga. MUSA ukwabelana ngesepha, iireyitha, okanye iitawuli.
• Ukuba wabelana ngezixhobo zemidlalo, zihlanze kuqala ngesisombululo sokubulala iintsholongwane okanye usule. Beka impahla yokunxiba okanye itawuli phakathi kolusu lwakho kunye nezixhobo.
• MUSA ukusebenzisa i-whirlpool eqhelekileyo okanye i-sauna ukuba uyisebenzisile omnye umntu onesifo esivulekileyo. Soloko usebenzisa impahla okanye itawuli njengomqobo.
• MUSA ukwabelana ngezicucu, iibhandeji, okanye izihlangu zezilima.
• Jonga ukuba ishawari ekwabelwana ngayo icocekile Ukuba azicocekanga, hlamba ekhaya.

Ukuba utyando lucwangcisiwe, xelela umboneleli wakho ukuba:

• Unosulelo rhoqo
• Unosulelo lwe-MRSA ngaphambili

Imethicillin enganyangekiyo Staphylococcus aureus; I-MRSA efunyenwe esibhedlele (HA-MRSA); I-Staph - MRSA; I-Staphylococcal-MRSA

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Ukumelana nemethicillin IStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA). www.cdc.gov/mrsa/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 5, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 22, 2019.

U-Que YA, kunye noMoreillon P. IStaphylococcus aureus (kubandakanya i-staphylococcal syndrome) Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 194.