Isifo seCarcinoid

Isifo seCarcinoid liqela leempawu ezinxulunyaniswa nezicubu ze-carcinoid. Ezi zizidumba zamathumbu amancinci, ikholon, isihlomelo, kunye neetyhubhu ezinobunzima emiphungeni.

Isifo seCarcinoid ngumzekelo weempawu ngamanye amaxesha obonwa kubantu abanezicubu ze-carcinoid. Ezi tumors zinqabile, kwaye zihlala zikhula kancinci. Uninzi lwamathumba e-carcinoid afunyanwa kwithumbu kunye nasemiphungeni.

Isifo seCarcinoid sivela kubantu abambalwa kakhulu abane-carcinoid tumors, emva kokuba ithumba lisasazekile kwisibindi okanye emiphungeni.

Ezi tumors zikhupha i-hormone serotonin, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali. Amahomoni abangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ivuleke (ivuleke). Oku kubangela i-carcinoid syndrome.

Isifo se-carcinoid senziwe ngeempawu eziphambili ezine kubandakanya:

• Ukuqhuma (ubuso, intamo, okanye isifuba esiphezulu), njengemithambo yegazi eyandisiweyo ebonwe kulusu (telangiectasias)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, njengokuvutha
• Urhudo
• Iingxaki zentliziyo, ezinje ngokuvuza kwezivalo zentliziyo, ukubetha kwentliziyo kancinci, uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi okanye oluphezulu

Iimpawu ngamanye amaxesha ziziswa kukuzilolonga, okanye ukutya okanye ukusela izinto ezinje ngeshizi eblue, itshokholethi, okanye iwayini ebomvu.

Uninzi lwezi tumors lufunyanwa xa kuvavanywa okanye kwenziwa iinkqubo zezinye izizathu, ezinje ngexa lotyando lwesisu.

Ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lomzimba, umboneleli wezempilo unokufumana iimpawu ze:

• Iingxaki zevalvu zentliziyo, ezinje ngokumbombozela
• Ukunqongophala kwesifo seNiacin (pellagra)

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Amanqanaba ama-5-HIAA kumchamo
• Uvavanyo lwegazi (kubandakanya i-serotonin kunye novavanyo lwegazi lwe-chromogranin)
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-CT kunye neMRI kwesifuba okanye kwesisu
• Echocardiogram
• Uvavanyo lwe-Octreotide olwenziwe ngeradiyo

Utyando lokususa ithumba ngokuqhelekileyo lunyango lokuqala. Inokuyinyanga isigxina imeko ukuba ithumba lisuswe ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba ithumba lisasazekile esibindini, unyango lubandakanya enye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukususa iindawo zesibindi ezineeseli zethumba
• Ukuthumela (ukungenisa) amayeza ngqo esibindini ukutshabalalisa amathumba

Xa ithumba lonke lingenakususwa, ukususa iinxalenye ezinkulu zethumba ("debulking") kunokunceda ukukhulula iimpawu.

I-Octreotide (iSandostatin) okanye i-lanreotide (Somatuline) inaliti inikwa abantu abanezicubu eziphambili ze-carcinoid ezingenakususwa ngotyando.

Abantu abane-carcinoid syndrome kufuneka baphephe utywala, ukutya okuninzi, kunye nokutya okuphezulu kwi-tyramine (itshizi ezindala, i-avocado, ukutya okuninzi okusetyenzisiweyo), kuba kunokubangela iimpawu.

Amanye amayeza aqhelekileyo, njengokukhetha i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs), enje nge-paroxetine (Paxil) kunye ne-fluoxetine (Prozac), zinokwenza iimpawu zibe mandundu ngokwandisa amanqanaba e-serotonin. Nangona kunjalo, UNGAYEKI ukuthatha la mayeza ngaphandle kokuba umboneleli wakho ukuxelele ukuba wenze njalo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-carcinoid syndrome kwaye ufumane inkxaso evela:

• Isiseko seCarcinoid Cancer Foundation - www.carcinoid.org/resource/support-groups/directory/
• Isiseko soPhando lweNeuroendocrine Tumor - netrf.org/for-patients/

Umbono kubantu abane-carcinoid syndrome ngamanye amaxesha wahlukile kwimbonakalo yabantu abanezicubu ze-carcinoid ngaphandle kwesifo.

Ukuxela kwangaphambili kuxhomekeke kwindawo yethumba. Kubantu abane-syndrome, ithumba lihlala lisasazeka kwisibindi. Oku kunciphisa izinga lokusinda. Abantu abane-carcinoid syndrome nabo banamathuba okuba nomhlaza owahlukileyo (ithumba lesibini lokuqala) ngaxeshanye. Ngokubanzi, ukuxelwa kwangaphambili kuhlala kulunge kakhulu.

Iingxaki ze-carcinoid syndrome zingabandakanya:

• Umngcipheko owandileyo wokuwa kunye nokwenzakala (ukusuka kuxinzelelo lwegazi)
• Ukuthintela amathumbu (ukusuka kwithumba)
• Ukopha emathunjini
• Ukungaphumeleli kwesivalo senhliziyo

Uhlobo olubulalayo lwe-carcinoid syndrome, ingxaki ye-carcinoid, inokwenzeka njengempembelelo yecala lotyando, i-anesthesia okanye i-chemotherapy.

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ngesivumelwano ukuba uneempawu ze-carcinoid syndrome.

Ukunyanga ithumba kunciphisa umngcipheko we-carcinoid syndrome.

Isifo seFlush; Isifo iArgentinain syndrome

• Ukuthathwa kweSerotonin

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwamathumbu esiswini unyango (lwabantu abadala) (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid- unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 16, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 14, 2020.

I-Öberg K. Neuroendocrine tumors kunye nokuphazamiseka okunxulumene noko. Ku: UMelmed S, uAuchus, RJ, uGoldfine AB, uKoenig RJ, uRosen CJ, ii-eds. Incwadi kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 45.

I-Wolin EM, iJensen RT. Amathumba e-Neuroendocrine. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 219.