Imingcipheko yezempilo yokutyeba kakhulu

Ukutyeba kakhulu yimeko yonyango apho isixa esikhulu samafutha omzimba sonyusa ithuba lokuphuhlisa iingxaki zonyango.

Abantu abanokutyeba kakhulu banethuba eliphezulu lokuphuhlisa ezi ngxaki zempilo:

• Iswekile yegazi ephezulu (iswekile) okanye isifo seswekile.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi).
• I-cholesterol yegazi ephezulu kunye ne-triglycerides (idyslipidemia, okanye amafutha egazi aphezulu).
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo, ukusilela kwentliziyo kunye nokubetha.
• Iingxaki zamathambo kunye nokudibanisa, ubunzima obuninzi bubeka uxinzelelo emathanjeni nakumalungu. Oku kunokukhokelela kwi-osteoarthritis, isifo esibangela iintlungu ngokudibeneyo kunye nokuqina.
• Ukuyeka ukuphefumla ngexesha lokulala (i-apnea yokulala). Oku kunokubangela ukudinwa emini okanye ukulala, ukujonga kakubi, kunye neengxaki emsebenzini.
• Iingxaki zamatye kunye neengxaki zesibindi.
• Eminye imihlaza.

Izinto ezintathu zinokusetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba amanqatha omzimba womntu amnika ithuba eliphezulu lokufumana izifo ezinxulumene nokukhuluphala:

• Isalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI)
• Ubungakanani esinqeni
• Eminye imingcipheko umntu anayo (umngcipheko yinto eyonyusa amathuba akho okufumana isifo)

Iingcali zihlala zixhomekeke kwi-BMI ukumisela ukuba umntu utyebile na. I-BMI iqikelela inqanaba lamafutha omzimba ngokusekwe kubude bakho kunye nobunzima.

Ukuqala nge-25.0, kokukhona uphakamisa i-BMI yakho, kokukhona mkhulu umngcipheko wokukhula kwengxaki zempilo ezinxulumene nokukhuluphala. Olu luhlu lwe-BMI lusetyenziselwa ukuchaza amanqanaba omngcipheko:

• Ukutyeba kakhulu (ayityebanga), ukuba i-BMI ngama-25.0 ukuya kuma-29.9
• Iklasi 1 (umngcipheko ophantsi) ukutyeba kakhulu, ukuba i-BMI ngama-30.0 ukuya kuma-34.9
• Iklasi 2 (umngcipheko ophakathi) ukutyeba kakhulu, ukuba i-BMI ngama-35.0 ukuya kuma-39.9
• Iklasi 3 (umngcipheko omkhulu) ukutyeba kakhulu, ukuba i-BMI ilingana okanye ingaphezulu kwe-40.0

Zininzi iiwebhusayithi ezinokubala ezinika i-BMI yakho xa ufaka ubunzima bakho nokuphakama.

Abasetyhini abanobungakanani besinqe obungaphezulu kweesentimitha ezingama-35 (iisentimitha ezingama-89) kunye namadoda anobukhulu besinqe obungaphezulu kweesentimitha ezingama-40 (iisentimitha eziyi-102) banomngcipheko owandileyo wesifo sentliziyo kunye nohlobo lweswekile yesibini. Abantu abanemizimba emile okwe-apile (isinqe sikhulu kunesinqe) banomngcipheko owandileyo kwezi meko.

Ukuba nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uya kufumana isifo. Kodwa iyalonyusa ithuba lokuba uzakwenza njalo. Eminye yemingcipheko, njengobudala, ubuhlanga, okanye imbali yosapho ayinakutshintshwa.

Izinto ezinobungozi obunazo, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nesi sifo okanye ingxaki yempilo.

Umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki zempilo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, kunye neengxaki zezintso ziyanda xa utyebe kakhulu kwaye unale miba yomngcipheko:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi)
• I-cholesterol yegazi ephezulu okanye i-triglycerides
• Iswekile yegazi ephezulu (iswekile), uphawu lohlobo lweswekile 2

Ezi zinto zibeka emngciphekweni isifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha akubangelwa kukutyeba:

• Ukuba nelungu losapho elingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 elinesifo sentliziyo
• Ukungasebenzi emzimbeni okanye ukuhlala phantsi
• Ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba zalo naluphi na uhlobo

Unokulawula uninzi lwezi zinto zinomngcipheko ngokutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo. Ukuba utyebe kakhulu, umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo unokukunceda ukuba uqalise ngenkqubo yokuphulukana nobunzima. Injongo yokuqala yokuphulukana ne-5% ukuya kwi-10% yesisindo sakho sangoku kuya kuwunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nezifo ezinxulumene nokukhuluphala.

• Ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nempilo

UCowley MA, uBrown WA, uConsidine RV. Ukutyeba kakhulu: ingxaki kunye nolawulo lwayo. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, ii-eds. Endocrinology: Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 26.

UJensen MD. Ukutyeba kakhulu. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahluko 220.

UMoyer VA; IiNkonzo zoThintelo ze-US. Ukuvavanywa kunye nokulawulwa kokukhuluphala kubantu abadala: I-US Preventive Services Task Force statement. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2012; 157 (5): 373-378. IINKCUKACHA: 22733087 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22733087.

• Ukutyeba kakhulu