Ukuphila nelahleko yokuva

Ukuba uhlala nokulahlekelwa kukuva, uyazi ukuba kuthatha umgudu owongezelelweyo ukunxibelelana nabanye.

Kukho iindlela onokuzifunda ukuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nokuthintela uxinzelelo. Ezi ndlela zinokukunceda:

• Kuphephe ukuba bodwa
• Hlala uzimele ngakumbi
• Khuseleka naphi na apho ukhoyo

Izinto ezininzi ezikungqongileyo zinokuchaphazela ukuva kwakho kunye nokuqonda kakuhle ukuba bathini abanye. Oku kubandakanya:

• Uhlobo lwegumbi okanye indawo okuyo, kunye nendlela elimiswe ngayo igumbi.
• Umgama phakathi kwakho nomntu othethayo. Isandi siyaphela kumgama, ke uya kuba nakho ukuva ngcono ukuba ukufuphi kwisithethi.
• Ubukho bezandi eziphazamisayo zangasemva, ezinje ngobushushu kunye nomoya opholileyo, ingxolo yezithuthi, okanye unomathotholo okanye iTV. Ukuze intetho iviwe ngokulula, kufanele ukuba ibe ngama-20 ukuya kuma-25 edecibel ngaphezulu kunayo nayiphi na enye ingxolo ejikelezileyo.
• Imigangatho elukhuni kunye neminye imiphezulu ebangela ukuba izandi zibhabhe kwaye ziphindaphinde. Kulula ukuva kumagumbi anekhaphethi kunye nefenitshala ebunjiweyo.

Utshintsho endlwini yakho okanye eofisini lunokukunceda uve ngcono:

• Qinisekisa ukuba kukho ukukhanya okwaneleyo ukuze ubone izinto zobuso kunye nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo.
• Beka isitulo endaweni yakho ukuze umqolo wakho ubekho kumthombo wokukhanya kunamehlo akho.
• Ukuba ukuva kwakho kubhetele kwindlebe enye, beka isitulo sakho ukuze umntu othethileyo akwazi ukuthetha kwindlebe yakho eyomeleleyo.

Ukulandela ngcono incoko:

• Hlala uqaphele kwaye unikele ingqalelo kwizinto ezithethwa ngomnye umntu.
• Yazisa umntu othetha naye ngobunzima bokuva.
• Mamela ukuhamba kwencoko okwethutyana, ukuba kukho izinto ongazithathiyo ekuqaleni. Amagama athile okanye amabinzana aya kuhlala evela kwakhona kwiincoko ezininzi.
• Ukuba ulahlekile, yeka incoko kwaye ucele into ephindiweyo.
• Sebenzisa ubuchule obubizwa ngokuba kukufunda intetho ukunceda ukuba uqonde oko kuthethwayo. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukujonga ubuso bomntu, indlela oma ngayo, izijekulo, kunye nethoni yelizwi ukuze ufumane intsingiselo yento ethethwayo. Oku kwahlukile ekufundeni imilebe. Kufuneka kubekho ukukhanya okwaneleyo kwigumbi ukubona ubuso bomnye umntu ukuze usebenzise obu buchule.
• Phatha incwadana kunye nepensile kwaye ucele igama eliphambili okanye ibinzana ukuba libhalwe phantsi ukuba awuyibambi.

Izixhobo ezininzi ezahlukileyo zokunceda abantu abanengxaki yokuva ziyafumaneka. Ukuba usebenzisa izixhobo zokuva, ukutyelela rhoqo kunye nengcali yezandi kubalulekile.

Abantu abakungqongileyo banokufunda iindlela zokubanceda bathethe nomntu onengxaki yokuva.

UAndrews J. Ukulungiselela imeko-bume eyakhiweyo yabantu abadala abadala ababuthathaka. Ku: Gcwalisa i-HM, i-Rockwood K, i-Young J, ii-eds. Incwadi ka-Brocklehurst ye-Geriatric Medicine kunye neGerontology. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 132.

Dugan MB. Ukuphila nokuva ngeLahleko. IWashington DC: IYunivesithi yaseGallaudet Press; Ngo-2003.

Eggermont JJ. Izinto zokuncedisa ukuva. Ku: Eggermont JJ, ed. Ukuva ilahleko. ICambridge, MA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 9.

IZiko leLizwe leZithulu kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuNxibelelana (NIDCD) iwebhusayithi. Izixhobo zokunceda abantu abanendlebe, ilizwi, intetho, okanye ukuphazamiseka kolwimi. www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/assistive-devices-people-aring-voice-speech-or-language-disorders. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Matshi 6, 2017. Kufikeleleke ngoJuni 16, 2019.

Izixhobo zika-Oliver M. zonxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki kwimisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ku: Webster JB, Murphy DP, ii-eds. Iatlasi yeeOthoses kunye neziXhobo eziNcedisayo. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 40.

• Ukuphazamiseka kokuva kunye nokungeva