Hypoparathyroidism

I-Hypoparathyroidism sisifo apho amadlala e-parathyroid asentanyeni angavelisi ngokwaneleyo ihomoni yeparathyroid (PTH).

Kukho iincindi ezi-4 ezincinci zentamo entanyeni, ebekwe kufutshane okanye iqhotyoshelwe kwicala elingasemva le-thyroid gland.

Amadlala e-parathyroid anceda ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwe-calcium kunye nokususwa komzimba. Benza oku ngokuvelisa ihomoni yeparathyroid (PTH). I-PTH inceda ukulawula i-calcium, i-phosphorus, kunye ne-vitamin D kumanqanaba egazi kunye nethambo.

I-Hypoparathyroidism yenzeka xa amadlala evelisa i-PTH encinci. Inqanaba legazi le-calcium lehla, kwaye inqanaba le-phosphorus liyenyuka.

Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo sehypoparathyroidism kukwenzakala kwamadlala parathyroid ngexesha lokuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid okanye kwentamo. Isenokubangelwa nakweziphi na ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuhlaselwa okuzenzekelayo kwiincindi ze-parathyroid (eziqhelekileyo)
• Inqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu le-magnesium egazini (linokubuyiselwa)
• Unyango lwe-iodine ye-radioactive yehyperthyroidism (inqabile kakhulu)

I-DiGeorge syndrome sisifo apho i-hypoparathyroidism yenzeka khona kuba zonke iingqaqambo ze-parathyroid zilahlekile xa kuzalwa. Esi sifo siquka ezinye iingxaki zempilo ngaphandle kwe-hypoparathyroidism. Ihlala ichongiwe ebuntwaneni.

I-hypoparathyroidism eyaziwayo yenzeka nezinye izifo ze-endocrine ezinje nge-adrenal insufficiency kwisifo esibizwa ngokuba luhlobo I polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA I).

Ukuqala kwesi sifo kuhamba kancinci kwaye iimpawu zinokuthamba. Uninzi lwabantu olufunyaniswe ukuba ne-hypoparathyroidism belunempawu zeminyaka ngaphambi kokuba lufunyaniswe. Iimpawu zinokuba mnene kangangokuba uxilongo lwenziwa emva kovavanyo lwegazi olubonisa i-calcium esezantsi.

Iimpawu zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Imilebe yomlomo, iminwe kunye neenzwane (eziqhelekileyo)
• Izihlunu zemithambo (zixhaphake kakhulu)
• Ukuqaqanjelwa yimisipha okubizwa ngokuba yi-tetany (kunokuchaphazela ingqumbo, kubangele ubunzima bokuphefumla)
• Intlungu zesisu
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• Iinzipho Brittle
• Iimpawu
• Ukufakwa kweCalcium kwezinye izicubu
• Ukuhla kwengqondo
• Izinwele ezomileyo
• Okomileyo, isikhumba esinamaxolo
• Ubuhlungu ebusweni, emilenzeni nasezinyaweni
• Ukuba sexesheni okubuhlungu
• Ukuxhuzula
• Amazinyo angakhuli ngexesha, okanye konke konke
• I-enamel yamazinyo ebuthathaka (ebantwaneni)

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu.

Uvavanyo oluza kwenziwa lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-PTH
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lweCalcium
• Magnesium
• Uvavanyo lomchamo lweeyure ezingama-24

Olunye uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa lubandakanya:

• I-ECG ukujonga isigqi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• Ukuskena i-CT ukukhangela iidipozithi zengqondo kwingqondo

Injongo yonyango kukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokubuyisela i-calcium kunye nokulinganisela kwamaminerali emzimbeni.

Unyango lubandakanya i-calcium carbonate kunye ne-vitamin D eyongezelelweyo. Ezi zihlala kufuneka zithathwe ubomi bonke. Amanqanaba egazi alinganiswa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba idosi ichanekile. Kuyacetyiswa ukutya okunekhalsiyam ephezulu, ukutya okunefosforasi ephezulu.

Inaliti ye-PTH inokucetyiswa kwabanye abantu. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba eli yeza likulungele na.

Abantu abahlaselwe sisisongelo sobomi kumanqanaba asezantsi e-calcium okanye izihlunu ezinde zemisipha banikwa i-calcium ngomthambo (IV). Amanyathelo okhuseleko ayathatyathwa ukuthintela ukuxhuzula okanye ukudumba komqala. Intliziyo ibekwe iliso kwizingqisho ezingaqhelekanga ade umntu azinze. Xa uhlaselo olusongela ubomi luye lwalawulwa, unyango luyaqhubeka ngamayeza athathwe ngomlomo.

Isiphumo sinokulunga ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba. Kodwa utshintsho kumazinyo, i-cataract, kunye nokubala kwengqondo akunakubuyiselwa kubantwana abaye bafumanisa i-hypoparathyroidism ngexesha lokukhula.

I-Hypoparathyroidism ebantwaneni inokukhokelela ekukhuleni okungalunganga, amazinyo angaqhelekanga, kunye nokukhula kwengqondo okucothayo.

Unyango oluninzi nge-vitamin D kunye ne-calcium kunokubangela i-calcium ephezulu yegazi (hypercalcemia) okanye i-calcium ephezulu ye-urine (hypercalciuria). Unyango olugqithisileyo ngamanye amaxesha lunokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwezintso, okanye lubangele ukusilela kwezintso.

I-Hypoparathyroidism yonyusa umngcipheko woku:

• Isifo iAddison (kuphela ukuba unobangela wokuzimela)
• Iimpawu
• Isifo seParkinson
• I-anemia enobungozi (kuphela ukuba unobangela uzenzekelayo)

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba uphuhlisa naziphi na iimpawu zehypoparathyroidism.

Ukuxhuzula okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla zezongxamiseko. Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yalapho kwangoko.

I-hypocalcemia enxulumene neparathyroid

• Amadlala endocrine
• Izibilini zeParathyroid

UClarke BL, uBrown EM, uCollins MT, et al. I-Epidemiology kunye noxilongo lwe-hypoparathyroidism. J Ikliniki ye-Endocrinol Metab. Ngo-2016; 101 (6): 2284-2299. IINKCUKACHA: 26943720.

Ukuthatha i-LM, Kamani D, iRandolph GW. Ukulawulwa kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, ii-eds. Cummings Otolaryngolog: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 123.

I-Thakker RV.Amadlala parathyroid, hypercalcemia kunye hypocalcemia. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 232.