Usapho oludibeneyo lwe-hyperlipidemia

Usapho oludibeneyo lwe-hyperlipidemia kukuphazamiseka okudluliswa kwiintsapho. Yenza i-cholesterol ephezulu kunye ne-triglycerides ephezulu yegazi.

Usapho oludibeneyo lwe-hyperlipidemia sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo semfuza esonyusa amanqatha egazi. Ingabangela ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kwangoko.

Isifo seswekile, utywala, kunye ne-hypothyroidism ziyenza mandundu imeko. Izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya imbali yosapho ye-cholesterol ephezulu kunye nesifo se-coronary disease.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala, akunakubakho zimpawu.

Xa kuvela iimpawu, zinokubandakanya:

• Intlungu yesifuba (i-angina) okanye ezinye iimpawu zesifo se-coronary disease zingabakho mncinci.
• Ukuxinana kwithole elinye okanye omabini xa uhamba.
• Izilonda ezinzwaneni ezingaphilisiyo.
• Iimpawu ezinje ngesaquphe, ezinje ngengxaki yokuthetha, ukujinga kwelinye icala lobuso, ubuthathaka bengalo okanye umlenze, kunye nelahleko yokulinganisela.

Abantu abakule meko banokuphuhlisa i-cholesterol ephezulu okanye amanqanaba aphezulu e-triglyceride njengolutsha. Le meko inokuchongwa kwakhona xa abantu bekwiminyaka yama-20 nama-30. Amanqanaba ahlala ephezulu ngalo lonke ixesha lobomi. Abo bane-hyperlipidemia yosapho edityanisiweyo banomngcipheko okonyukayo wesifo se-coronary disease kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo. Banamazinga aphezulu okutyeba kakhulu kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba banganyamezeli iswekile.

Uvavanyo lwegazi luya kwenziwa ukujonga amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides. Iimvavanyo ziya kubonisa:

• Ukonyusa i-cholesterol ye-LDL
• Ukunciphisa i-cholesterol ye-HDL
• Ukunyuka kwe-triglycerides
• Ukonyusa i-apolipoprotein B100

Ukuvavanywa kwemfuza kuyafumaneka kuhlobo olunye lwe-hyperlipidemia yosapho.

Injongo yonyango kukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

UTSHINTSHO KWIMPILO

Inyathelo lokuqala kukutshintsha into oyityayo. Uninzi lwexesha, uya kuzama utshintsho lokutya kangangeenyanga ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha acebise amayeza. Ukutshintsha kokutya kubandakanya ukuthoba inani lamafutha agcweleyo kunye neswekile esulungekisiweyo.

Nazi ezinye iinguqu onokuzenza:

• Yitya inyama yenkomo encinci, inkukhu, inyama yehagu, kunye nemvana
• Ukutshintsha iimveliso zobisi ezinamafutha asezantsi ezinamafutha apheleleyo
• Kulumkele iicookies ezipakishwe kunye nezinto ezibhakiweyo ezinamafutha e-trans
• Nciphisa icholesterol oyityayo ngokunciphisa isikhupha seqanda kunye nenyama yomzimba

Iingcebiso zihlala zicetyiswa ukunceda abantu benze utshintsho kwindlela abatya ngayo. Ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo kunokunceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol.

AMAYEZA

Ukuba utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila alutshintshi amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol ngokwaneleyo, okanye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wesifo sentliziyo, umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokucebisa ukuba uthathe amayeza. Zininzi iintlobo zamachiza ukunceda ukuthoba amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini.

Amachiza asebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukukunceda ufezekise amanqanaba eepidid esempilweni. Ezinye zibhetele ekwehliseni i-cholesterol ye-LDL, ezinye zilungile ekwehliseni i-triglycerides, ngelixa ezinye zinceda ukuphakamisa i-cholesterol ye-HDL.

Ezona ziyobisi zisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo, kunye neyona ndlela isebenzayo ukunyanga i-cholesterol ephezulu ye-LDL ibizwa ngokuba zii-statins. Babandakanya i-lovastatin (Mevacor), pravastatin (Pravachol), simvastatin (Zocor), fluvastatin (Lescol), atorvastatin (Lipitor), rosuvastatin (Crestor), kunye ne-pitivastatin (Livalo).

Amanye amayeza anciphisa i-cholesterol aquka:

• Iileyile ezikhupha intlaka yeasidi.
• Ezetimibe.
• Iifibrate (njengegemfibrozil kunye nefenofibrate).
• Nicotinic acid.
• I-PCSK9 inhibitors, ezinje nge-alirocumab (Ixabiso elixabisekileyo) kunye ne-evolocumab (Repatha) Ezi zimele udidi olutsha lwamachiza ukunyanga i-cholesterol ephezulu.

Uqhuba kakuhle kangakanani kuxhomekeke:

• Ichongwa kwangoko njani imeko
• Xa uqala unyango
• Ulandela kakuhle njani isicwangciso sakho sonyango

Ngaphandle konyango, isifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha kungabangela ukufa kwangethuba.

Ngaphandle kweyeza, abanye abantu banokuqhubeka benamazinga aphezulu eepidid anyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Isifo sentliziyo sangaphambi kwexesha
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukubetha

Funa unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba unentlungu esifubeni okanye ezinye izilumkiso zesifo sentliziyo.

Biza umnikezeli wakho ukuba unembali yobuqu okanye yosapho yamanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol.

Ukutya okunezinga eliphantsi le-cholesterol kunye namanqatha amaninzi kunokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba e-LDL kubantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unale meko, unokufuna ukuthathela ingqalelo wena novavanyo lwabantwana bakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantwana abancinci banokuba ne-hyperlipidemia.

Kubalulekile ukulawula eminye imingcipheko yokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kwangoko, njengokutshaya.

Uhlobo lweepoprotein-uhlobo lwe-hyperlipidemia

• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi
• Ukutya okusempilweni

UGenest J, uLibby P.Lipoprotein ukuphazamiseka kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo seBraunwald: Incwadi yesifundo seMpilo yeNtliziyo. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 48.

URobinson JG. Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism yelipid. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 195.