Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini

Ikholesterol ngamafutha (ekwabizwa ngokuba lipid) ekufuneka umzimba wakho usebenze kakuhle. I-cholesterol embi kakhulu inokunyusa ithuba lokufumana isifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Ixesha lezonyango kwi-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi yi-lipid disorder, i-hyperlipidemia, okanye i-hypercholesterolemia.

Zininzi iintlobo zecholesterol. Ezona zithethwe kakhulu zezi:

• I-cholesterol iyonke - zonke iicholesterols zidibene
• Ubuninzi be-lipoprotein (HDL) ye-cholesterol- ebizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol "elungileyo"
• Ubuninzi be-lipoprotein (LDL) ye-cholesterol- ebizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol "embi"

Kubantu abaninzi, amanqanaba angaqhelekanga e-cholesterol ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yendlela yokuphila engalunganga. Oku kuhlala kubandakanya ukutya ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi. Ezinye izinto zokuphila zezi:

• Ukutyeba kakhulu
• Ukungabikho kokuzilolonga

Ezinye iimeko zempilo zinokukhokelela kwi-cholesterol engaqhelekanga, kubandakanya:

• Seswekile
• Isifo sezintso
• Isifo sePolycystic ovary
• Ukukhulelwa kunye nezinye iimeko ezonyusa amanqanaba eehomoni zabasetyhini
• Ukungasebenzi kwe-thyroid gland

Amayeza anje ngeepilisi ezithile zolawulo lokuzalwa, i-diuretics (iipilisi zamanzi), i-beta-blockers, kunye namanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo anokuphakamisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol. Ukuphazamiseka okuninzi okudluliswa kwiintsapho kukhokelela kwi-cholesterol engaqhelekanga kunye namanqanaba e-triglyceride. Ziquka:

• Usapho oludibeneyo lwe-hyperlipidemia
• Idysbetalipoproteinemia eqhelekileyo yosapho
• IHypercholesterolemia eqhelekileyo
• Ihypertriglyceridemia eqhelekileyo

Ukutshaya akubangeli amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol, kodwa kunokunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho ye-HDL (elungileyo).

Uvavanyo lwe-cholesterol lwenziwa ukufumanisa isifo se-lipid. Iingcali ezahlukeneyo zincoma iminyaka eyahlukeneyo yokuqalisa kubantu abadala.

• Kucetyiswa ubudala bokuqala buphakathi kwama-20 ukuya kuma-35 emadodeni kunye nama-20 ukuya kuma-45 kwabasetyhini.
• Abantu abadala abanamanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-cholesterol akufuneki baphinde bavavanywe kangangeminyaka emi-5.
• Phinda uvavanyo kwangoko ukuba utshintsho lwenzeka kwindlela yokuphila (kubandakanya ukuzuza ubunzima kunye nokutya).
• Abantu abadala abanembali ye-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo seswekile, iingxaki zezintso, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nezinye iimeko zifuna ukuvavanywa rhoqo.

Kubalulekile ukuba usebenze nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuseta iinjongo zakho ze-cholesterol. Izikhokelo ezitsha zenza oogqirha kude nokujolisa kumanqanaba athile e-cholesterol. Endaweni yoko, bacebisa amayeza ahlukeneyo kunye needosi ngokuxhomekeke kwimbali yomntu kunye neprofayile yomngcipheko. Ezi zikhokelo ziyatshintsha amaxesha ngamaxesha njengoko ulwazi ngakumbi kwizifundo zophando lukhona.

Iithagethi ngokubanzi zezi:

• I-LDL: 70 ukuya kwi-130 mg / dL (amanani asezantsi angcono)
• I-HDL: Ngaphezulu kwama-50 mg / dL (amanani aphezulu angcono)
• I-cholesterol iyonke: Ngaphantsi kwama-200 mg / dL (amanani asezantsi angcono)
• I-Triglycerides: i-10 ukuya kwi-150 mg / dL (amanani asezantsi angcono)

Ukuba iziphumo zakho ze-cholesterol aziqhelekanga, unokuba nolunye uvavanyo olunje:

• Iswekile yegazi (iswekile) kuvavanyo lokujonga isifo seswekile
• Uvavanyo lwezintso
• Umsebenzi wovavanyo lwe-thyroid ukujonga i-thyroid gland engasebenzi

Amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuphucula amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kunye nokunceda ukuthintela isifo sentliziyo kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kubandakanya:

• Yeka ukutshaya. Olu lolunye utshintsho olukhulu onokulenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokufa icala.
• Yitya ukutya okunamafutha asezantsi ngokwemvelo. Oku kubandakanya ukutya okuziinkozo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno.
• Sebenzisa ukuthambisa okunamafutha asezantsi, iisosi kunye nokunxiba.
• Kuphephe ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ukuba utyebe kakhulu.

Umboneleli wakho unokufuna ukuba uthathe iyeza kwi-cholesterol yakho ukuba utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila alusebenzi. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Nokuba unesifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, okanye ezinye iingxaki zokuhamba kwegazi
• Nokuba uyatshaya okanye utyebile
• Nokuba unoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi okanye isifo seswekile

Kungenzeka ukuba ufuna amayeza ukuze unciphise i-cholesterol yakho:

• Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo seswekile
• Ukuba usengozini yesifo sentliziyo (nokuba awukabinangxaki zentliziyo)
• Ukuba i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL yi-190 mg / dL okanye ngaphezulu

Phantse wonke umntu unokufumana izibonelelo zezempilo kwi-LDL cholesterol engaphantsi kwe-160 ukuya kwi-190 mg / dL.

Zininzi iintlobo zamachiza ukunceda ukuthoba amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini. Amachiza asebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. I-Statins lolunye uhlobo lwamachiza athoba i-cholesterol kwaye kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukunciphisa amathuba esifo sentliziyo. Ezinye iziyobisi ziyafumaneka ukuba umngcipheko wakho uphezulu kwaye ii-statins azilihlisi ngokwaneleyo i-cholesterol yakho. Oku kubandakanya i-ezetimibe kunye ne-PCSK9 inhibitors.

Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol anokukhokelela ekuqineni kwemithambo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis. Oku kwenzeka xa amanqatha, icholesterol nezinye izinto zakha iindonga zemithambo kwaye zakha izakhiwo ezomeleleyo ezibizwa ngokuba ngamacwecwe.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, la macwecwe anokuthintela imithambo kwaye ibangele isifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, kunye nezinye iimpawu okanye iingxaki kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ukuphazamiseka okudluliswa kwiintsapho kuhlala kukhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol ekunzima ukuwalawula.

Cholesterol - ephezulu; Ukuphazamiseka lipid; Hyperlipoproteinemia; Hyperlipidemia; Idyslipidemia; Isifo sehypholeholeoleolemia

• Angina - ukubhobhoza
• I-Angioplasty kunye ne-stent-heart-discharge
• Iziyobisi Antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
• I-Aspirin kunye nesifo sentliziyo
• Ukusebenza emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukusebenza xa unesifo senhliziyo
• Ibhotolo, imajarini neeoli zokupheka
• Ukucinywa kwentliziyo - ukukhutshwa
• Cholesterol kunye nendlela yokuphila
• Cholesterol - unyango lweziyobisi
• Ikholesterol - yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho
• Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Isifo seswekile -ukuthintela ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokubetha
• Kuchazwe amafutha ezempilo
• Iingcebiso zokutya okukhawulezayo
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo - ukukhutshwa
• Utyando lokudlula kwentliziyo-ukukhutshwa
• Utyando lokudlula kwentliziyo-ukukhutshwa kancinci okungafunekiyo
• Isifo sentliziyo - umngcipheko
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo - ulwelo kunye ne-diuretics
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo-ukubeka iliso ekhaya
• Intliziyo pacemaker - ukubhobhoza
• Ufunda njani iilebheli zokutya
• Ukutya okunetyuwa encinci
• Ukutya kweMeditera
• Stroke - ukubhobhoza
• Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile- ukubuza ugqirha

• Abavelisi beCholesterol
• Imithambo yegazi
• Icholesterol
• Inkqubo yophuhliso lwe-atherosclerosis

UGenest J, uLibby P.Lipoprotein ukuphazamiseka kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo seBraunwald: Incwadi yesifundo seMpilo yeNtliziyo. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 48.

I-Grundy SM, iLitye NJ, iBaleyy AL, et al. I-2018 AHA / ACC / AACVPR / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / ADA / AGS / APhA / ASPC / NLA / PCNA isikhokelo kulawulo lwe-cholesterol yegazi: ingxelo ye-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force kwi-Clinical Practice Guidelines . J NdinguColl Cardiol. 2019; 73 (24); e285-e350. IINKCUKACHA: 30423393 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30423393/.

URobinson JG. Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism yelipid. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 195.

I-US Preventive Services Task Force isitetimenti sokugqibela sengcebiso. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Statin kuthintelo oluphambili lwesifo sentliziyo kubantu abadala: amayeza othintelo. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adult-preventive-medication. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 13, 2016. Ifikeleleke ngoFebruwari 24, 2020.

Umsebenzi we-US Preventive Services Task Force; Iibhayibhile-eDomingo K, iGrossman DC, iCurry SJ, et al. Ukuvavanywa kwengxaki ye-lipid kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo: Ingxelo yengcebiso yengcebiso ye-US. JAMA. Ngo-2016; 316 (6): 625-633. IINKCUKACHA: 27532917 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27532917/.