Reflux nephropathy

I-nephropathy ye-Reflux yimeko apho izintso zonakaliswa kukuhamba umchamo ngasemva kwezintso.

Umchamo uhamba ukusuka kwizintso nganye ngeetyhubhu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ureters kunye nakwisinyi. Xa isinyi sigcwele, iyakhama kwaye ithumele umchamo ngaphandle nge-urethra. Akukho mchamo kufuneka uphindele kwi-ureter xa isinyi sicudisa. I-ureter nganye ine-valve yendlela enye apho ingena khona kwisinyi ethintela umchamo ukuba ungabuyi ubuye ureter.

Kodwa kwabanye abantu, umchamo ubuyela umva uye kwizintso. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-vesicoureteral reflux.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, izintso zinokonakaliswa okanye zonakaliswe yile reflux. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-reflux nephropathy.

I-Reflux inokwenzeka kubantu abane-ureters ezingancamathelanga kakuhle kwisinyi okanye iivalve zabo ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Abantwana banokuzalwa benale ngxaki okanye banokuba nezinye iziphene kwinkqubo yokuchama ebangela ukuba nephropathy ye-Reflux.

I-nephropathy ye-Reflux inokwenzeka kunye nezinye iimeko ezikhokelela ekuvaleni kokuhamba komchamo, kubandakanya:

• Ukuthintela ukuphuma kwesinyi, njengeprostate eyandisiweyo emadodeni
• Amatye esinyi
• I-neurogenic bladder, enokuthi yenzeke kubantu abane-multiple sclerosis, ukulimala kwethambo lomqolo, isifo seswekile, okanye enye imeko ye-nervous (neurological)

I-nephropathy ye-Reflux inokuthi yenzeke nakukudumba kwe-ureters emva kokufakelwa kwezintso okanye ukwenzakala kwi-ureter.

Imiba yomngcipheko we-Reflux nephropathy ibandakanya:

• Ukungaqheleki kwendlela yokuchama
• Imbali yobuqu okanye yosapho ye-vesicoureteral reflux
• Phinda usulelo lomchamo

Abanye abantu abanazimpawu ze-Reflux nephropathy. Ingxaki inokufunyanwa xa kuvavanywa izintso kwezinye izizathu.

Ukuba iimpawu zenzeka, zinokufana nezo:

• Ukusilela kwezintso okungapheliyo
• Isifo seNephrotic
• Usulelo lwe-Urinary tract

I-nephropathy ye-Reflux ihlala ifunyanwa xa umntwana ekhangelwa usulelo oluphindaphindeneyo lwesinyi. Ukuba i-vesicoureteral reflux ifunyenwe, abantakwabo bomntwana banokujongwa, kuba i-reflux inokuqhuba kwiintsapho.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokuba phezulu, kwaye kunokubakho iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo sezintso zexesha elide (ezingapheliyo).

Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo luya kwenziwa, kwaye lunokubandakanya:

• I-BUN-igazi
• I-creatinine - igazi
• Clearinine clearance - umchamo kunye negazi
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo okanye izifundo zomchamo weeyure ezingama-24
• Inkcubeko umchamo

Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo ezinokwenziwa kubandakanya:

• Ukuskena kwe-CT esiswini
• Isinyi ultrasound
• Ipyramogram efakwa ngaphakathi (IVP)
• Isifo sezintso
• Iradionuclide cystogram
• Phinda ujonge ipyogramme
• Ukuhamba ngecystourethrogram

I-Reflux ye-Vesicoureteral yahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba amahlanu ahlukeneyo. I-Reflux elula okanye ethambileyo ihlala iwela kwibakala I okanye II. Ubunzima be-reflux kunye nenani lomonakalo kwizintso zinceda ekuchongeni unyango.

I-Reflux elula ye-vesicoureteral reflux (ebizwa ngokuba yi-primary reflux) inokunyangwa nge:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane athathwa yonke imihla ukuthintela usulelo lomchamo
• Ukujongwa ngononophelo kwezintso
• Iinkcubeko eziphindaphindiweyo zomchamo
• I-ultrasound yonyaka yezintso

Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokucothisa umonakalo kwizintso. Umboneleli wezempilo unokuyalela amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. I-Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors kunye ne-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) zihlala zisetyenziswa.

Ugqirha luhlala lusetyenziswa kuphela kubantwana abangaphendulanga kunyango.

I-reflux ye-vesicoureteral eqinile inokufuna utyando, ngakumbi kubantwana abangaphenduliyo kunyango. Utyando lokubeka i-ureter ibuyele kwisinyi (ukuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde ``) khona) ukubeka i-ureter kwakhona kwi-bladder (ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwe-ureteral) kunokumisa i-reflux nephropathy kwezinye iimeko.

I-reflux enzima kakhulu inokufuna ukuhlinzwa ngokutsha. Olu hlobo lotyando lunokunciphisa inani kunye nobukrakra bosulelo lwee-urinary.

Ukuba kukho imfuneko, abantu baya kunyangwa kwizifo zezintso ezingapheliyo.

Iziphumo ziyahluka, kuxhomekeke kubukhali be-Reflux. Abanye abantu abane-nephropathy ye-reflux abayi kuphulukana nokusebenza kwezintso ngokuhamba kwexesha, nangona izintso zabo zonakalisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, umonakalo wezintso unokusisigxina. Ukuba inye kuphela into ebandakanyekileyo, enye intso kufuneka iqhubeke isebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

I-nephropathy ye-Reflux inokubangela ukusilela kwezintso ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala.

Iingxaki ezinokubangelwa yile meko okanye unyango lwayo zibandakanya:

• Ukuvaleka kwe-ureter emva kotyando
• Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo
• Izifo ezingapheliyo okanye eziphindaphindiweyo zosulelo lomchamo
• Ukusilela kwezintso okungapheliyo ukuba zombini izintso ziyabandakanyeka (zinokuqhubela phambili ziye kwisifo sezintso)
• Usulelo lwezintso
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Isifo seNephrotic
• Ukuqhubeka kwe-Reflux
• Ukurhawuzelela kwezintso

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Yiba neempawu ze-Reflux nephropathy
• Yiba nezinye iimpawu ezintsha
• Bavelisa umchamo omncinci kunesiqhelo

Ukunyanga ngokukhawuleza iimeko ezibangela ukuba umchamo uphume kwizintso kunokuthintela i-Reflux nephropathy.

Engapheliyo atrophic pyelonephritis; Reflux yeVesicoureteric; I-nephropathy - i-reflux; Ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo

• Iphecana lomchamo labasetyhini
• Indoda yokuchama
• Ukuhamba ngecystourethrogram
• Reflux yaseVesicoureteral

I-Bakkaloglu SA, iSchaefer F. Izifo zezintso kunye nomchamo ebantwaneni. Ku: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, ii-eds. Brenner kunye noMphathi weZintso. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: isahl. 74.

UMathews R, uMattoo TK. Isiseko se-vesicoureteral Reflux kunye nephropathy ye-Reflux. Ku: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, ii-eds. I-Clinical Nephrology epheleleyo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 61.