Amayeza e-osteoporosis

I-Osteoporosis sisifo esenza ukuba amathambo aqhekeke kwaye kube lula ukwaphuka (ikhefu). Nge-osteoporosis, amathambo aphulukana noxinano. Ukuxinana kwethambo sisixa samathambo abalwa emathanjeni akho.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza athile ukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka. La mayeza angenza amathambo esinqeni sakho, emqolo, nakwezinye iindawo kunqabile ukuba aphule.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza xa:

• Uvavanyo lokuxinana kwethambo lubonisa ukuba une-osteoporosis, nokuba awukhe uqhekeke ngaphambili, kodwa umngcipheko wakho wokwaphuka uphezulu.
• Unokophuka kwethambo, kwaye kuvavanyo lwethambo lubonisa ukuba unciphile kunamathambo aqhelekileyo, kodwa hayi i-osteoporosis.
• Unokophuka kwethambo okwenzeka ngaphandle kokonzakala okukhulu.

I-Bisphosphonates ngamayeza aphambili asetyenziselwa ukukhusela nokunyanga ukulahleka kwethambo. Zihlala zithathwa ngomlomo. Unokuthatha ipilisi nokuba kanye ngeveki okanye kanye ngenyanga. Kananjalo unokufumana i-bisphosphonates nge-vein (IV). Amaxesha amaninzi oku kwenziwa kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo nge-bisphosphonates ethathwe ngomlomo kukutshisa kwentliziyo, isicaphucaphu, kunye nentlungu esiswini. Xa uthatha i-bisphosphonates:

• Thatha kwisisu esingenanto kusasa kunye nee-ounces ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 (i-oz), okanye i-200 ukuya kwi-250 milliliters (mL), yamanzi acocekileyo (hayi amanzi e-carbonated okanye ijusi).
• Emva kokuthatha ipilisi, hlala uhleli okanye umi okungenani imizuzu engama-30.
• Musa ukutya okanye usele ubuncinci imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Inqanaba lecalcium esezantsi yegazi
• Uhlobo oluthile lwethambo lomlenze (lobufazi) lokwaphuka
• Ukonakala kwethambo lomhlathi
• Ngokukhawuleza, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-fibrillation ye-atrial)

Ugqirha wakho unokuyeka ukuthatha eli yeza emva kweminyaka emi-5. Ukwenza njalo kunciphisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezithile. Oku kubizwa ngokuba liholide leziyobisi.

I-Raloxifene (i-Evista) inokusetyenziselwa ukuthintela nokunyanga i-osteoporosis.

• Inokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka komqolo, kodwa hayi ezinye iintlobo zokwahlukana.
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu ngumngcipheko omncinci kakhulu wamahlwili egazi kwimithambo yemilenze okanye emiphungeni.
• Eli chiza linokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kunye nomhlaza wamabele.
• Ezinye iindlela ezikhethiweyo ze-estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) zikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-osteoporosis.

IDenosumab (Prolia) liyeza elithintela amathambo ekubeni abuthathaka ngakumbi. Eli yeza:

• Unikwa inaliti rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6.
• Ngamana unokunyusa uxinano lweethambo ngaphezulu kwe-bisphosphonates.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo ayilulo unyango lokuqala.
• Isenokungabi lukhetho olufanelekileyo kubantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka okanye abathatha amayeza achaphazela amajoni omzimba.

I-Teriparatide (Forteo) luhlobo lwe-bio-enjineri yehomoni yeparathyroid. Eli yeza:

• Ngamana unokunyusa ukuxinana kwethambo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka.
• Unikwa ngenaliti phantsi kolusu ekhaya, rhoqo yonke imihla.
• Ayibonakali ngathi ineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi zexesha elide, kodwa inokubangela isicaphucaphu, isiyezi, okanye iintlambo zomlenze.

Estrogen, okanye unyango lwehomoni (HRT). Eli yeza:

• Ngaba iyasebenza ekuthinteleni nasekunyangeni i-osteoporosis.
• Ngaba iyeza le-osteoporosis lisetyenziswa kakhulu iminyaka emininzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwehlile ngenxa yenkxalabo yokuba eli yeza labangela isifo sentliziyo, umhlaza wamabele, kunye namahlwili egazi.
• Ngaba iseyinto elungileyo kubasetyhini abaninzi abancinci (iminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-60 ubudala). Ukuba owasetyhini uthatha i-estrogen sele, yena kunye nogqirha wakhe kufuneka baxoxe ngomngcipheko kunye nezibonelelo zokwenza njalo.

I-Romosuzomab (ngokuhlwa) ijolise kwindlela yehomoni kwithambo elibizwa ngokuba yi-sclerostin. Eli yeza:

• Unikwa inyanga nenyanga njengesitofu phantsi kolusu unyaka omnye.
• Ngaba iyasebenza ekwandiseni ukuxinana kwethambo.
• Ingenza amanqanaba e-calcium asezantsi kakhulu.
• Ngamana kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokufa icala.

Ihomoni yeParathyroid

• Eli yeza linikezelwa njengemipu yemihla ngemihla phantsi kolusu. Ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi uya kukufundisa indlela yokuzinika le shots ekhaya.
• Ihomoni yeParathyroid isebenza ngcono ukuba awuzange uthathe i-bisphosphonates.

ICalcitonin liyeza elinciphisa inqanaba lokulahleka kwethambo. Eli yeza:

• Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa emva kokuqhekeka kwethambo kuba kunciphisa iintlungu zethambo.
• Kuncinci kakhulu ukusebenza kune-bisphosphonates.
• Iza njengesitshizi sempumlo okanye inaliti.

Biza ugqirha wakho ngezi mpawu okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga:

• Intlungu yesifuba, isitshisa, okanye iingxaki zokuginya
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Igazi kwisitulo sakho
• Ukudumba, iintlungu, ukuba bomvu komnye wemilenze yakho
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo
• Ukudumba kolusu
• Ubuhlungu ethangeni lakho okanye ethangeni
• Intlungu kumhlathi wakho

I-Alendronate (Fosamax); Ibandronate (Boniva); Uhlengahlengiso kwakhona (Actonel); Zoledronic acid (Reclast); Raloxifene (Evista); I-Teriparatide (Forteo); IDenosumab (iProlia); Romosozumab (ngokuhlwa); Ubunzulu bamathambo - amayeza; Osteoporosis - amayeza

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UDe Paula FJA, uMnyama oMnyama, uRosen CJ. I-Osteoporosis: izinto ezisisiseko kunye nezonyango. Ku: UMelmed S, uAuchus RJ, uGoldfine AB, uKoenig RJ, uRosen CJ, ii-eds. Incwadi ebhaliweyo kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 30.

I-Eastell R, iRosen CJ, i-Black DM, i-Cheung AM, i-Murad MH, i-Shoback D.Ukulawulwa kwe-Pharmacological ye-osteoporosis kubafazi be-postmenopausal: uMbutho we-Endocrine * Isikhokelo sokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi. J Ikliniki ye-Endocrinol Metab. Ngo-2019; 104 (5): 1595-1622. IINKCUKACHA: 30907953 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30907953/.

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