Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-OCD?

Umxholo

• Ziziphi iimpawu ze-OCD?
• Ukucoca kunye nongcoliseko
• Ulungelelwaniso kunye noku-odola
• Iingcamango ezingavumelekanga
• Ukuhonjiswa
• I-OCD ifunyaniswa njani?
• Yintoni ebangela i-OCD?
• Imbali yosapho
• Izizathu zebhayoloji
• Imeko yendalo esingqongileyo
• Iphathwa njani i-OCD?
• Yintoni umbono wabantu abane-OCD?
• Umgca wezantsi

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Ukuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo okunyanzelekileyo (i-OCD) yimeko yempilo yengqondo ebandakanya:

• Ukuqwalaselwa. Ezi mpawu zibandakanya iingcinga ezingafunekiyo okanye izimvo eziphazamisa ubomi bakho kwaye zenze kube nzima kuwe ukugxila kwezinye izinto.
• Ukunyanzelwa. Ezi mpawu zibandakanya izinto oziva ukuba kufuneka uzenze ngendlela ethile ekuphenduleni ukutyeba.

I-OCD inokubonisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kungekho luhlu olusemthethweni okanye i-subtypes ye-OCD, icebisa abantu ukuba bafumane iimpawu ze-OCD kwiindidi ezine eziphambili:

• ukucoca kunye nongcoliseko
• ulingano macala kunye noku-odola
• Iingcamango ezingavumelekanga, ezinobungozi, okanye ezingafunekiyo kunye neempembelelo
• ukuqokelela, xa kufuneka kuqokelelwe okanye kugcinwe izinto ezithile kunxulumene nokutyeba okanye ukunyanzelwa

La maqela eempawu ayachazwa kuhlelo lwamva nje lweDiagnostic kunye neNcwadi yeNkcazo yeNgxaki yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo (DSM-5). Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zinokubhekisa kubo njengophawu lobungakanani kunee-OCD subtypes.

Ayinguye wonke umntu ophila ne-OCD ofumana ngendlela efanayo. Iimpawu ezithile zinokufana phakathi kwabanye abantu. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zinokwahluka kakhulu. Unokuba neempawu ezivela ngaphezu kweyodwa.

Funda ngokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemilinganiselo yeklinikhi ye-OCD, kubandakanya iimpawu, isifo, isifo, kunye nonyango.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-OCD?

Nge-OCD, uneengcinga okanye ukunyanzelwa okukucaphukisayo kwaye kubangele uxinzelelo. Unokuzama ukungazihoyi okanye uzikhuphe engqondweni yakho, kodwa oku kunzima okanye akunakwenzeka.

Nokuba uyeka ukucinga ngabo okwethutyana, bahlala bebuya.

Ukuba uhlala ne-OCD, unokuba noluhlu lweempawu ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu zakho zinokuza ikakhulu kwiqela elinye okanye ngaphezulu kweqela elinye.

Ukucoca kunye nongcoliseko

Olu hlobo lweempawu lunokubandakanya:

• ukukhathazeka okungapheliyo malunga neentsholongwane okanye ukugula
• iingcinga zokuziva ungcolile okanye ungahlambulukanga (emzimbeni okanye engqondweni)
• uloyiko oluqhubekayo malunga nokuvezwa kwegazi, izinto eziyityhefu, iintsholongwane, okanye eminye imithombo yongcoliseko
• ukuthintela imithombo enokubakho yongcoliseko
• ukunyanzelwa ukuba ulahle izinto ocinga ukuba zimdaka (nokuba azingcolanga)
• ukunyanzelwa ukuhlamba okanye ukucoca izinto ezingcolileyo
• ukucoca okanye ukuhlamba amasiko, njengokuhlamba izandla okanye ukukhuhla umphezulu inani elithile lamaxesha

Ulungelelwaniso kunye noku-odola

Ezi mpawu zinokubandakanya:

• imfuno yezinto okanye izinto ezilungelelaniswe ngendlela ethile
• Imfuno egqithileyo yolingano macala okanye umbutho kwizinto
• Isidingo sokulingana kwezenzo (ukuba uyakrwela idolo lasekhohlo, kufuneka ukrobe idolo lasekunene)
• Ukunyanzelwa ukuba ulungiselele izinto zakho okanye ezinye izinto bade bazive "belungile"
• ukuziva ungaphelelanga xa izinto zingangqinelani
• ukubala amasiko, njengokufuna ukubala ukuya kwinani elithile inani elithile lamaxesha
• ukucinga ngomlingo, okanye ukukholelwa into embi kuya kwenzeka ukuba awulungelelanisi okanye uququzelele izinto ngendlela eyiyo
• izithethe zombutho okanye iindlela ezithile zokulungelelanisa izinto

Iingcamango ezingavumelekanga

Iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Iingcinga ezixhaphakileyo zokuziphatha ngokwesini okanye ubundlobongela kwindalo
• ityala, iintloni, kunye nokunye ukubandezeleka malunga neengcinga zakho
• umbuzo oqhubekayo wokuziphatha kwakho ngokwesondo, iminqweno, okanye umdla wakho wesini
• Ukuqhubeka nokuxhalaba ukuba uyakwenza izinto kwiingcinga zakho okanye ukuba nazo kwenza ukuba ube ngumntu ombi
• Ukuhlala unexhala lokuba uza kuzenzakalisa okanye wenze omnye umntu ngaphandle kwentsingiselo
• Ukuthabatheka malunga neenkolelo zonqulo eziziva ngathi ziyanyelisa okanye ziphosakele
• Ukuqhubeka koziva unoxanduva lokudala izinto ezimbi zenzeke
• ukunyanzelwa ukufihla izinto onokuzisebenzisa njengesixhobo
• Ukufuna isiqinisekiso sokuba awuyi kwenza kwiingcinga ezingaphakathi
• ufuna isiqinisekiso sokuba awunguye umntu ombi
• izithethe zengqondo ukugxotha okanye ukucima iingcinga zakho
• Ukujonga rhoqo imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla ukuze uqiniseke ukuba awenzakalisanga mntu, nokuba ubuyile ngengqondo okanye ngokwasemzimbeni

Abantu ngoku bachaza "uhlobo" lwe-OCD abayibiza ngokuba "yi-O ecocekileyo," echazwa njengokubandakanya ukutyeba kunye neengcinga ezingathandekiyo zesini okanye inkolo ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa kwangaphandle.

Ngelixa eli lisandula ukuba ligama elidumileyo, ayililo iklinikhi okanye ixesha lokuqonda isifo. Kunokuthiwa iyafana nezinye iimpawu ezibandakanya iingcinga ezingavumelekanga.

Ukuhonjiswa

Iimpawu zolu didi zihlala zibandakanya:

• Ukuqhubeka noxinzelelo lokuba ukulahla into kunokukuzisela wena okanye omnye umntu
• Isidingo sokuqokelela inani elithile lezinto ukukhusela wena okanye omnye umntu kwingozi
• uloyiko olugqithisileyo lokulahla into ebalulekileyo okanye ebalulekileyo ngengozi (enjenge-imeyile enolwazi olubuthathaka okanye olufunekayo)
• Isinyanzelo sokuthenga ukuphindaphindwa kwento enye, nokuba awuyidingi kangako
• ubunzima bokulahla izinto kuba ukuzichukumisa kunokubangela ungcoliseko
• ukuziva ungaphelelanga ukuba awukwazi ukufumana into okanye ngempazamo ulahlekile okanye wayilahla
• ukunyanzelwa ukuba ujonge okanye ujonge izinto zakho

Ukuhoya kwimeko ye-OCD kwahlukile kukuphazamiseka, imeko yempilo yengqondo eyahlukileyo. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zimbini luxinzelelo olubandakanyeka kwi-OCD enxulumene nokugcina.

Ukuba unayo i-OCD, awufuni zonke izinto oziqokelelayo, kodwa unokuziva unyanzelekile ukuba uzigcine ngenxa yeemvakalelo ezingalawulekiyo okanye ezinyanzelekileyo.

Olunye udidi lwe-OCD lubandakanya iindlela zokuziphatha ezinje:

• ukunyusa amagxa
• ukucoca umqala
• ukuqhwanyaza
• ukuxhuzula

Ezi tics zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukungafuneki okungafunekiyo kunye neemvakalelo zoxinzelelo okanye ukungazaliseki okunokwenzeka nge-OCD. Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana banokuba ne-OCD enxulumene ne-tic. Ngokuqhelekileyo xa i-OCD iqala ebuntwaneni.

Abantwana abasoloko befumana i-OCD ngendlela efanayo yabantu abadala. Ukunyanzelwa kunokubandakanya iimpendulo ezingacacanga, njengokuthintela unxibelelwano okanye unxibelelwano lwasentlalweni, kodwa zihlala zisabonakala.

Ukuqwalaselwa kunokubonakala kungabonakali. Umzekelo, ukucinga ngomlingo, ukufuna ukuqinisekiswa, kunye nokujonga isimilo kunokufana nezigaba eziqhelekileyo zophuhliso.

Abantwana bahlala befumana uninzi lweempawu kunokuba abantu abadala besenza.

I-OCD ifunyaniswa njani?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uneempawu ze-OCD, thetha nomboneleli wezempilo yengqondo. Bangakwazi ukuxilonga i-OCD kwaye basebenze nawe ukufumana olona hlobo lonyango lonyango.

Umboneleli wezempilo yengqondo uya kukubuza malunga neempawu ozifumanayo, nokuba zibangela uxinzelelo, kwaye lingakanani ixesha abalithathayo suku ngalunye.

Ukuchongwa kwe-OCD ngokubanzi kufuna ukuba iimpawu zichaphazele umsebenzi wakho wemihla ngemihla kwaye zitye ubuncinci iyure yosuku lwakho.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo yengqondo uya kuthi aliqaphele iqela leempawu ozifumanayo, kuba ayizizo zonke iindlela zonyango lwe-OCD ezinezibonelelo ezifanayo kuzo zonke iimpawu.

Baza kuphinda baphonononge ukuba unayo i-tics okanye ezinye iimpawu zokuziphatha kwaye baxoxe ngenqanaba lokuqonda okanye iinkolelo onazo ezingqonge ukutyeba kunye nokunyanzelwa okufumanayo.

Ngamanye amagama, baya kufuna ukwazi ukuba uziva ukuba iinkolelo ezinxulumene ne-OCD zinokwenzeka, zinokwenzeka, okanye ngokuqinisekileyo azizukwenzeka.

Umboneleli wakho uya kubuza nokuba unexesha elingakanani uneempawu. Iziphumo zophononongo luka-2009 zibonisa ukuba iimpawu ze-OCD eziqala ebuntwaneni zihlala zibi kakhulu.

Yintoni ebangela i-OCD?

Iingcali aziqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni abanye abantu bephuhlisa i-OCD. Zineembono ezithile malunga nezizathu ezinokubakho, kubandakanya:

Imbali yosapho

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-OCD ukuba ilungu losapho nalo linayo le meko. I-OCD enxulumene ne-Tic nayo ibonakala ngathi inakho ukuqhuba kwiintsapho.

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ezinye izakhi zofuzo zingadlala indima ekuphuhlisweni, kodwa azikafumani naluphi na uhlobo oluthile olubangela i-OCD. Ngaphezu, ayingabo bonke abantu abane-OCD nabo banelungu losapho elinemeko.

Izizathu zebhayoloji

I-chemistry yobuchopho nayo inokudlala indima. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho okanye iingxaki ngokuhanjiswa kweekhemikhali ezithile zobuchopho, ezinje nge-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine, kunokuba negalelo kwi-OCD.

Imeko yendalo esingqongileyo

Kuyenzeka ukuba ukwenzakala, ukuphathwa gadalala, okanye ezinye iziganeko zoxinzelelo zinokudlala indima kuphuhliso lwe-OCD kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo.

Enye into yokusingqongileyo enxulunyaniswe ne-OCD yi-PANDAS, emele ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo yabantwana okuzenzekelayo okunxulunyaniswa nosulelo lwe-streptococcal.

Olu xilongo lwenzeka ebantwaneni abafumana usulelo lwe-strep kwaye ngequbuliso bahlakulele iimpawu ze-OCD, okanye amava okuba mandundu kweempawu ze-OCD emva kosulelo lwe-strep.

Kukho ubungqina obuncinci bokucebisa ukuba izinto ezithile kunokwenzeka ukuba zibe negalelo kwiintlobo ezithile ze-OCD. Kodwa umntu ojonga abantu abancinci abali-124 abane-OCD bacebisa ukuba i-OCD enxulumene ne-tic ibonakala ngathi ihlala ibaleka kwiintsapho.

Iphathwa njani i-OCD?

Iingcali zempilo yengqondo ngokubanzi zijonga unyango kunye namayeza, okanye indibaniselwano yezi zimbini, ukuze zibe nolona ncedo kunyango lwe-OCD.

Ukuvezwa kunye nokuthintela ukuphendula (i-ERP), uhlobo lonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT), yindlela ecetyiswayo ngokubanzi. Olu hlobo lonyango lukuchaphazela ngokuthe ngcembe kwizifundo zokuthanda kwakho izinto okanye izinto ezibangela ukunyanzelwa.

Kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yonyango, unokufunda ngendlela yokujongana nokungazinzi ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa. Uya kuchitha ixesha elithile uziqhelanisa nezi zakhono ekhaya okanye kwezinye iimeko ezingaphandle konyango.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinzima ze-OCD, okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho azibonakali ziphendula kunyango kuphela, umboneleli wakho wezempilo yengqondo unokucebisa ukuba uthethe nogqirha wonyango malunga nonyango.

Unokuthatha amayeza okwexeshana ngelixa ufunda ukumelana neempawu zonyango. Iziyobisi ezinokuba luncedo kwiimpawu ze-OCD zibandakanya i-anti-depressants ezinje nge-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) okanye ii-antipsychotic.

Unyango oluncedo kakhulu lwe-OCD ngamanye amaxesha lunokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zakho. Olunye uphononongo luka-2008 lujonge kwizifundo esele zikho malunga nendlela iimpawu ze-OCD ezisabela ngayo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Abaphandi bafumene ubungqina bokubonisa iimpawu ezithile ezinje, njengokucoca kunye neempawu zongcoliseko, abanakuphendula nakwii-SSRI.

Isifundo esinye sikwacebisa ukuba unyango lwe-ERP lusenokungasebenzi kwiingcinga ezingafunekiyo. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-CBT, ezinje ngokusekelwa kwengqondo kwi-CBT, zinokuba nesibonelelo ngakumbi.

Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zophando ziyahluka. Abantu ababini abayi kuhlala bephendula kunyango ngendlela efanayo, nokuba baneempawu ezifanayo.

Ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho obunzulu luhlobo olutsha lonyango olunokunceda ukuphucula iimpawu ze-OCD kubantu abangaboni kuphucuka kolunye unyango.

Olu nyango alukaphandwa ngokupheleleyo, nangona kunjalo. Inokubangela umngcipheko empilweni. Ukuba unomdla kukhuthazo olunzulu lobuchopho, ugqirha wakho wokhathalelo lokuqala okanye umboneleli wezempilo yengqondo unokukwazi ukubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Uninzi lwabantu luba namava amancinci okanye anyanzelekileyo amaxesha ngamaxesha. Kwakhona akuqhelekanga ukuba neengcamango ezingenayo okanye ukulungisa izinto ezinokuthi zithetha ntoni. Kodwa inokuba lixesha lokufumana uncedo kwi-OCD ukuba:

• Ukutyeba okanye ukunyanzelwa kuthatha ngaphezulu kweyure yosuku lwakho
• Iingcinga ezingena ngaphakathi okanye iinzame zakho zokuzicinezela zibangela uxinzelelo
• Iimpawu ze-OCD ziyakucaphukisa, zikukhathaze, okanye zibangele olunye uxinzelelo
• Iimpawu ze-OCD zingena endleleni yezinto ozifunayo okanye ofuna ukuzenza
• Iimpawu ze-OCD zichaphazela kakubi ubomi bakho kunye nolwalamano

Umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo ophambili unokukuthumela kumboneleli wezempilo yengqondo, njengonyango. Unokukhangela i-Therapist kwindawo yakho kwi-Intanethi.

Iiwebhusayithi ezinje ngezi zibonelela ngemikhombandlela yokukunceda ekufumaneni ababoneleli abakhethekileyo:

• Ixhala kunye noxinzelelo loMbutho waseMelika. Banikezela ngenkxaso kunye nezixhobo kubantu kunye neentsapho ezichaphazelekayo yi-OCD kwaye banikezela isikhombisi sonyango ukukunceda ufumane uncedo kwindawo yakho.
• Isiseko se-OCD seHlabathi. Banokukunceda ufumane inkxaso kwindawo yakho kunye nolwazi malunga ne-OCD.

• Yintoni umbono wabantu abane-OCD?

  Ngaphandle konyango, iimpawu ze-OCD zinokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zichaphazele ubudlelwane bakho kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

  Ngokwe-DSM-5, abantu "abanokuqonda okungalunganga" - abo banokholo ngakumbi kwi-OCD obsessions kunye nokunyanzelwa-banokuba neziphumo ezibi kunyango. Ukuba nokuqonda okungalunganga malunga ne-OCD kunokwenza ukuba unyango lubaluleke ngakumbi.

  Ngonyango, iimpawu ze-OCD zihlala ziphucula. Ukufumana unyango kunokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

  Unyango akusoloko kulula ngamanye amaxesha. Unyango ngokukodwa lunokuhlala luzisa iimvakalelo zoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo. Kodwa bambelela kwisicwangciso sakho sonyango, nokuba unengxaki nayo ekuqaleni.

  Ukuba unyango alubonakali lusebenza okanye amayeza akho abangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingathandekiyo, thetha nonyango lwakho. Kuya kufuneka uzame iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngaphambi kokuba ufumane eyona ikhokelela ekuphuculeni kakhulu.

  Ukusebenza nonyango olunemfesane oluziqondayo iimpawu kunye neemfuno zakho kubalulekile ekuphuculeni.

  Umgca wezantsi

  Iimpawu ze-OCD zinokubonisa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kuyenzeka ukuba i-OCD idityaniswe nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo kunye neemeko, ezinje nge-schizophrenia, ixhala, isifo se-tic, okanye i-OCD yasemva kokubeleka.

  Nokuba ziphi iimpawu onazo, unyango lunokunceda.

  Ukuba ulwa noxanduva lwemihla ngemihla kunye nobudlelwane bobuqu ngenxa yeempawu ze-OCD, thetha nomboneleli wakho wokuqala okanye ugqirha. Banokukunceda ufumane unyango olululo lokukunceda ufunde ukumelana ne-OCD.