I-aplastic anemia

I-aplastic anemia yimeko apho umongo wethambo ungenzi ngokwaneleyo iiseli zegazi. Umongo wethambo sisithambo, ithishu embindini wamathambo anoxanduva lokuvelisa iiseli zegazi kunye neeplatelets.

I-aplastic anemia ibangelwa ngumonakalo kwiiseli ze-stem zegazi. Iiseli zeziqu ziiseli ezingakhuliyo kumongo wethambo obangela zonke iintlobo zeeseli zegazi (iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets). Ukwenzakala kweeseli ezikhokelela ekwehleni kwinani lezi ntlobo zeeseli zegazi.

I-aplastic anemia inokubangelwa ngu:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile okanye ukuvezwa kwimichiza enetyhefu (enje ngechloramphenicol, benzene)
• Ukubonakaliswa kwimisebe okanye kwi-chemotherapy
• Ukuphazamiseka ngokuzenzekelayo
• Ukukhulelwa
• Iintsholongwane

Ngamanye amaxesha, unobangela awaziwa. Kule meko, esi sifo kuthiwa yi-idiopathic aplastic anemia.

Iimpawu zibangelwa kukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe kunye neeplatelets. Iimpawu zisenokuba qatha kwasekuqaleni okanye ngokuthe ngcembe zisiba mandundu njengoko isifo siqhubeka.

Inani elibomvu leeseli ezibomvu (i-anemia) linokubangela:

• Ukudinwa
• I-Pallor (ubumhlophe)
• Inqanaba lentliziyo elikhawulezayo
• Ukuphefumla kancinci ngokwenza umthambo
• Ubuthathaka
• Ubumhlophe obumileyo xa bume

Inani eliphantsi leeseli ezimhlophe (leukopenia) libangela umngcipheko wosulelo.

Inani eliphantsi leplatelet (thrombocytopenia) linokubangela ukopha. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Iintsini zokopha
• Ukutyumza okulula
• Impumlo iyopha
• Irhash, amanqaku amancinci abomvu abomvu kulusu (petechiae)
• Izifo eziqhelekileyo okanye ezinobungozi (eziqhelekileyo)

Uvavanyo lwegazi luya kubonisa:

• Inani elibomvu leeseli ezibomvu (i-anemia)
• Inani leeseli ezimhlophe ezisezantsi (leukopenia)
• Inani eliphantsi le-reticulocyte count (ii-reticulocytes zezona seli zincinci zibomvu zegazi)
• Inani eliphantsi leplatelet (thrombocytopenia)

Umongo wethambo we-biopsy ubonakalisa iiseli zegazi ezimbalwa kunezoqhelekileyo kunye nenani elonyukayo lamafutha.

Amatyala amancinci e-aplastic anemia angenazo iimpawu anokungafuneki unyango.

Njengokuba inani leeseli zegazi liye lisihla kwaye neempawu zikhula, igazi kunye neeplatelets zinikezelwa ngotofelo. Ixesha elingaphezulu, utofelo-gazi lunokuyeka ukusebenza, kukhokelela kubalo lweeseli eziphantsi kakhulu zegazi. Le yimeko esongela ubomi.

Umongo wethambo, okanye ukufakelwa kweseli ye-stem kunokucetyiswa kubantu abancinci. Kungenzeka ukuba kunconywe kule minyaka ingama-50 nangaphantsi, kodwa abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 banokufumana ukufakelwa kwakhona ukuba basempilweni ngokwaneleyo. Olu nyango lusebenza kakuhle xa umnikeli engumzalwana okanye udade ohambelana ngokupheleleyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumnikeli womninawa ofanayo ..

Abantu abadala kunye nabo bangenalo umnikeli wabantakwabo ofanayo banikwa amayeza okucinezela amajoni omzimba. La mayeza anokuvumela umongo wethambo ukuba uphinde wenze iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni. Kodwa esi sifo sinokubuyela (sibuyele umva). Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo kunye nomnikeli ongadibaniyo kunokuzama ukuba la mayeza awancedi okanye ukuba esi sifo siyabuya emva kokuba sibhetele.

Ukunganyangwa, i-anemia ye-aplastic ekhokelela ekufeni ngokukhawuleza. Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo kungaphumelela kakhulu kubantu abancinci. Ukufakelwa kwakhona kusetyenziswa kubantu abadala okanye xa isifo sibuya emva kokuba amayeza eyekile ukusebenza.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Izifo ezomeleleyo okanye ukopha
• Iingxaki zokutsalwa komongo wethambo
• Impendulo kumayeza
• I-Hemochromatosis (ukwakhiwa kwesinyithi kakhulu kwizicubu zomzimba ezivela kutofelo-gazi oluninzi olubomvu)

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba ukopha kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu, okanye ukuba ukuphuma kwegazi kunzima ukuyeka. Tsalela umnxeba ukuba uqaphela usulelo oluqhelekileyo okanye ukudinwa okungaqhelekanga.

I-anemia ye-Hypoplastic; Ukungaphumeleli komongo wethambo-aplastic anemia

• Ukutsalwa komongo wethambo - ukukhupha

• Umnqweno wethambo

I-Bagby GC. I-aplastic anemia kunye nokusilela komongo wethambo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 156.

UCulligan D, uWatson HG. Igazi kunye nomongo wethambo. Ku: Umnqamlezo we-SS, ed. I-Underwood's Pathology. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 23.

I-NS encinci, iMaciejewski JP. I-aplastic anemia. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ii-eds. I-Hematology: Imigaqo esisiseko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 30.