Utshintsho lokwaluphala kwiimvakalelo

Njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, indlela oziva ngayo (ukuva, umbono, incasa, ivumba, ukubamba) ikunika ulwazi malunga notshintsho lwehlabathi. Imithambo-luvo yakho iyancipha, kwaye oku kunokwenza kube nzima kuwe ukuba uqaphele iinkcukacha.

Utshintsho lweemvakalelo lunokuchaphazela indlela ophila ngayo. Unokuba neengxaki zokunxibelelana, ukonwabela imisebenzi, kunye nokuzibandakanya nabantu. Utshintsho lweemvakalelo lunokukhokelela ekubeni ube wedwa.

Izivamvo zakho zifumana ulwazi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Olu lwazi lunokuba ngohlobo lwesandi, ukukhanya, amavumba, incasa, kunye nokuchukumisa. Ulwazi olunomdla luguqulwa lube yimithambo-luvo eqhutyelwa kwingqondo. Apho, imiqondiso itshintshelwa kwiimvakalelo ezinentsingiselo.

Inani elithile lokukhuthaza liyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele uvakalelo. Eli nqanaba lincinci leemvakalelo libizwa ngokuba ngumqobo. Ukuguga kuphakamisa lo mqobo. Udinga ukukhuthazeka ngakumbi ukuze uqaphele imvakalelo.

Ukwaluphala kunokuchaphazela zonke izivamvo, kodwa ukuva nokubona kuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Izixhobo ezinjengeiglasi kunye nezinto zokuncedisa ukuva, okanye utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lunokuphucula amandla akho okuva nokubona.

UKUVA

Iindlebe zakho zinemisebenzi emibini. Omnye uyeva kwaye omnye ugcina ulungelelwano. Ukuva kwenzeka emva kokungcangcazela kwesandi ukuwela i-eardrum uye kwindlebe yangaphakathi. Iinyikima zitshintshiwe zaba ziimpawu zemithambo-luvo kwindlebe yangaphakathi kwaye zisiwe kwingqondo yimithambo-luvo ephicothayo.

Ibhalansi (ulingano) ilawulwa kwindlebe engaphakathi. Ulwelo kunye neenwele ezincinci kwindlebe yangaphakathi zivuselela imithambo-luvo yokuva. Oku kunceda ingqondo igcine ibhalansi.

Njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, izakhiwo ngaphakathi kwendlebe ziqala ukutshintsha kunye nemisebenzi yazo iyancipha. Amandla akho okuthatha izandi ayancipha. Unokuba neengxaki zokugcina ibhalansi yakho njengoko uhleli, ume, kwaye uhamba.

Ukulahleka kwendlebe okunxulumene nobudala kubizwa ngokuba yi-presbycusis. Ichaphazela zombini iindlebe. Ukuva, ngesiqhelo ukubanakho ukuva izandi ezihamba rhoqo, kunokuhla. Usenokuba nengxaki yokuchaza umahluko phakathi kwezandi ezithile. Okanye, unokuba neengxaki zokuva incoko xa kukho ingxolo yangasemva. Ukuba unengxaki yokuva, xoxa ngeempawu zakho nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Enye indlela yokulawula ukulahleka kwendlebe kukulungiselela izixhobo zokuva.

Ukuqhubeka, ingxolo yendlebe engaqhelekanga (tinnitus) yenye ingxaki eqhelekileyo kubantu abadala. Izizathu ze-tinnitus zingabandakanya i-wax buildup, amayeza awonakalisa izakhiwo ngaphakathi kwendlebe okanye ukulahleka kancinci kokuva. Ukuba unayo i-tinnitus, buza umboneleli wakho ngendlela yokulawula imeko.

I-wax yendlebe echaphazelekayo inokubangela ingxaki yokuva kwaye iqhelekile kubudala. Umboneleli wakho angasusa i-wax yendlebe echaphazelekayo.

UMBONO

Umbono wenzeka xa ukukhanya kulungiswa ngamehlo akho kwaye kutolikwa ngengqondo yakho. Ukukhanya kudlula ngaphaya kwamehlo (cornea). Iyaqhubeka ngomfundi, ukuvulwa kuye ngaphakathi kweliso. Umfundi uba mkhulu okanye mncinci ukulawula ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena kwiliso. Inxalenye enemibala yamehlo ibizwa ngokuba yiris. Sisihlunu esilawula ubungakanani bomfundi. Emva kokukhanya kudlula kumfundi wakho, kufikelela kwilensi. Iilensi zigxila ekukhanyeni kwi-retina yakho (ngasemva kweliso). Iretina iguqula amandla alula abe ngumqondiso we-luvo othatha imithambo-luvo ye-optic iye nayo kwingqondo, apho itolikwa khona.

Zonke izakhiwo zamehlo ziyatshintsha ngokwaluphala. I-cornea iyancipha, ngoko ungeke uqaphele ukulimala kwamehlo. Ngexesha uneminyaka engama-60, abafundi bakho banokuhla baye kwisinye kwisithathu sobukhulu ababenabo xa wawuneminyaka engama-20. Abafundi banokuphendula ngokuthe chu xa bephendula ubumnyama okanye ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo. Iilensi ziba tyheli, zingabi bhetyebhetye, kwaye lisibekele kancinci. Iipads ezityebileyo ezixhasa amehlo ziyancipha kwaye namehlo atshona kwiziseko zawo. Imisipha yamehlo ayinakukwazi ukujikeleza ngokupheleleyo iliso.

Njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, ubukhali bombono wakho (ukubonwa kakuhle) ngokuthe ngcembe kuyehla. Ingxaki exhaphakileyo kunzima ukujonga amehlo kwizinto ezisondeleyo. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-presbyopia. Ukufunda iiglasi, iiglasi ezi-bifocal, okanye iilensi zonxibelelwano kunokunceda ukulungisa i-presbyopia.

Unokwazi ukunyamezela ukukhanya. Umzekelo, ilitha elisuka kumgangatho oqaqambileyo kwigumbi elikhanyiswe lilanga kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukungena ngaphakathi. Unokuba nengxaki yokuziqhelanisa nobumnyama okanye ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Iingxaki ngokukhanya, ukukhanya, kunye nobumnyama kunokukwenza uyeke ukuqhuba ebusuku.

Njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, kuba nzima ukuxelela i-blues kwimifuno kunokuba uxelele i-reds kwi-yellows. Sebenzisa imibala eyahlukileyo efudumeleyo (tyheli, orenji, kunye nobomvu) ekhayeni lakho kungaphucula amandla akho okubona. Ukugcina isibane esibomvu kumagumbi amnyama, njengepaseji okanye igumbi lokuhlambela, kwenza kubelula ukubona kunokusebenzisa isibane esiqhelekileyo sasebusuku.

Ngokuguga, into efana nejeli (vitreous) ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho iqala ukuncipha. Oku kunokwenza amasuntswana amancinci abizwa ngokuba ziifleat kumhlaba wakho wombono. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-floaters ayinciphisi umbono wakho. Kodwa ukuba uphuhlisa ii-float ngequbuliso okanye ukonyuka ngokukhawuleza kwenani leetafile, kuya kufuneka ujonge amehlo akho yingcali.

Ukunciphisa umbono wombono (umbono wecala) uqhelekile kubantu abadala. Oku kunganciphisa umsebenzi wakho kunye nokukwazi ukunxibelelana nabanye. Kunganzima ukunxibelelana nabantu abahleli ecaleni kwakho kuba ungababoni kakuhle. Ukuqhuba kunokuba yingozi.

Izihlunu zamehlo ezibuthathaka zinokukuthintela ekuhambiseni amehlo akho macala onke. Kunokuba nzima ukujonga phezulu. Indawo apho izinto zingabonwa khona (indawo ebonakalayo) iyancipha.

Amehlo amadala nawo awanako ukuvelisa iinyembezi ezaneleyo. Oku kukhokelela kwamehlo owomileyo anokungonwabi. Xa amehlo owomileyo enganyangwa, usulelo, ukudumba, kunye nokuqaqamba kwe-cornea kunokwenzeka. Ungawaqobisa amehlo owomileyo ngokusebenzisa amathontsi wamehlo okanye iinyembezi ezingezizo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo okuqhelekileyo okubangela ukutshintsha kombono okungaqhelekanga kubandakanya:

• I-cataract - iliso lelensi yamehlo
• I-Glaucoma - ukunyuka koxinzelelo kulwelo kwiso
• Ukonakala kwesifo se-Macular-isifo kwi-macula (esinoxanduva lombono ophakathi) esibangela ukulahleka kombono
• I-Retinopathy - isifo kwi-retina esoloko sibangelwa sisifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi

Ukuba unengxaki yokubona, xoxa ngeempawu zakho nomboneleli wakho.

NGCAMANI NINUKE

Iimvakalelo zokungcamla kunye nevumba zisebenza kunye. Uninzi lweencasa zinxulunyaniswa nevumba. Ingqondo yevumba iqala kwiziphelo zemithambo-luvo eziphakamileyo kwimigca yempumlo.

Unamalunga ne-10,000 amabhula. Iincasa zakho zivakala ziswiti, zinetyuwa, zimuncu, zibuhlungu, kwaye nencasa ye-umami. I-Umami yincasa edibene nokutya okune-glutamate, enje ngesinongo se-monosodium glutamate (MSG).

Ukujoja kunye nokunambitha kudlala indima kukonwaba kokutya kunye nokhuseleko. Isidlo esimnandi okanye ivumba elimnandi linokuphucula ubudlelwane kunye nolonwabo lobomi. Ukujoja kunye nokungcamla kukuvumela ukuba ubone ingozi, njengokutya okonakeleyo, iigesi kunye nomsi.

Inani lamagqabi okungcamla liyancipha njengoko uneminyaka yobudala. Intsalela nganye yeencasa eseleyo nayo iyaqala ukuncipha. Ubuntununtunu kwiincasa ezintlanu zihlala zincipha emva kweminyaka engama-60. Ukongeza, umlomo wakho uvelisa amathe amancinci njengoko uguga. Oku kunokubangela umlomo owomileyo, onokuchaphazela ukungcamla kwakho.

Imvakalelo yokujoja nayo inokuncipha, ngakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-70. Oku kunokunxulumana nokuphulukana nokuphela kwethambo kunye nokuveliswa kwencindi encinci empumlweni. I-Mucus inceda amavumba ahlala empumlweni ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba angabonwa ziziphelo zentliziyo. Ikwanceda ukucacisa ivumba elivela kwiziphelo zemithambo-luvo.

Izinto ezithile zinokukhawulezisa ukulahleka kwencasa kunye nevumba. Oku kubandakanya izifo, ukutshaya, kunye nokuvezwa kwezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni.

Ukunciphisa incasa kunye nevumba kunokunciphisa umdla wakho kunye nokonwabela ukutya. Usenokungakwazi ukuva iingozi ezithile ukuba awunakuva amavumba anjengegesi yendalo okanye umsi ophuma emlilweni.

Ukuba izivamvo zakho zokungcamla nokujoja zinciphile, thetha nomboneleli wakho. Oku kulandelayo kunokunceda:

• Tshintshela kwelinye iyeza, ukuba iyeza olithathayo lichaphazela ukukwazi ukunuka nokungcamla.
• Sebenzisa izinongo ezahlukileyo okanye utshintshe indlela okulungisa ngayo ukutya.
• Thenga iimveliso ezikhuselekileyo, ezinje ngomtshini wegesi ovakala ialam xa usiva.

Ukuchukumisa, UKUGQIBELA, NENTLUNGU

Imvakalelo yokuthinta ikwenza wazi iintlungu, iqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo, ukungcangcazela kunye nokuma komzimba. Ulusu, izihlunu, imisipha, amalungu kunye nezitho zangaphakathi zinemithambo-luvo (ii-receptors) ezifumanisa olu luvo. Ezinye ii-receptors zinika ulwazi ngengqondo malunga nokuma kunye nemeko yamalungu angaphakathi. Nangona usenokungalwazi olu lwazi, kuyanceda ukufumanisa utshintsho (umzekelo, intlungu ye-appendicitis).

Ingqondo yakho iguqulela kuhlobo kunye nenani leemvakalelo zokuchukumisa. Ikwaguqula imvakalelo njengonomdla (njengokufudumala kamnandi), ukungathandeki (njengokutshisa kakhulu), okanye ukungathathi cala (njengokuqonda ukuba uchukumisa into).

Ngokuguga, iimvakalelo zinokuncitshiswa okanye zitshintshwe. Olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka ngenxa yokwehla kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwiziphelo zethambo okanye kwintambo yomqolo okanye kwingqondo. Intambo yomqolo ihambisa imiqondiso ye-nerve kwaye nengqondo iguqulela le miqondiso.

Iingxaki zempilo, ezinje ngokusilela kwezakhamzimba ezithile, zinokubangela notshintsho kwimvakalelo. Utyando lobuchopho, iingxaki kwingqondo, ukudideka, kunye nokonzakala kwemithambo-luvo ekonzakaleni okanye kwizifo zexesha elide (ezingapheliyo) ezinjengesifo seswekile nako kunokubangela utshintsho kwimvakalelo.

Iimpawu zokutshintsha kwemvakalelo ziyahluka ngokusekwe kunobangela.Ngokwehla kobushushu beqondo lobushushu, kunokuba nzima ukuxelela umahluko phakathi kokupholisa nokubanda nokushushu nokushushu. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokulimala kwi-frostbite, i-hypothermia (ngobushushu bomzimba obuphantsi), kunye nokutsha.

Ukwehlisa ukubanakho ukubona ukungcangcazela, ukubamba kunye noxinzelelo kwandisa umngcipheko wokonzakala, kubandakanya izilonda zoxinzelelo (izilonda zolusu ezikhula xa uxinzelelo lusika ukunikezelwa kwegazi kuloo ndawo). Emva kweminyaka engama-50, abantu abaninzi banciphise uvakalelo kwiintlungu. Okanye ungaziva kwaye uqaphele intlungu, kodwa ayikukhathazi. Umzekelo, xa wenzakele, ngekhe ungazi ukuba wonzakale kangakanani kuba iintlungu azikukhathazi.

Unokuphuhlisa iingxaki zokuhamba ngenxa yokunciphisa amandla okubona apho umzimba wakho unxulumene nomgangatho. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuwa, ingxaki eqhelekileyo kubantu abadala.

Abantu abadala banokuba novakalelo ngakumbi kukuchukumiseka kokukhanya kuba ulusu lwabo lucekeceke.

Ukuba uqaphele utshintsho kumnxeba, iintlungu, okanye iingxaki zokuma okanye ukuhamba, thetha nomboneleli wakho. Kukho iindlela zokulawula iimpawu.

La manyathelo alandelayo anokukunceda uhlale ukhuselekile:

• Nciphisa ubushushu bamanzi obushushu ungabikho ngaphezulu kwe-120 ° F (49 ° C) ukunqanda ukutsha.
• Jonga ithemometha ukuthatha isigqibo sokuba uza kunxiba njani, kunokuba ulinde de uve ubushushu okanye ubanda.
• Hlola ulusu lwakho, ngakumbi iinyawo zakho, ukuba awonzakalanga. Ukuba ufumana ukulimala, nyange. UNGACINGI ukuba ukwenzakala akukho kubi kuba le ndawo ayibuhlungu.

OLUNYE UTSHINTSHO

Njengoko ukhula, uya kuba nolunye utshintsho, kubandakanya:

• Kwizitho, izicubu kunye neeseli
• Kwisikhumba
• Emathanjeni, izihlunu, kunye namalungu
• Ebusweni
• Kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo

• Iinguqu zokwaluphala ezindlebeni
• Izinto zokuncedisa ukuva
• Ulwimi
• Imvakalelo yokubona
• I-anatomy yamehlo emdala

I-Emmett SD. I-Otolaryngology kubantu abadala. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 13.

UFudenski S, uVan Swearingen J. Falls. Ku: Gcwalisa i-HM, i-Rockwood K, i-Young J, ii-eds. Incwadi ka-Brocklehurst ye-Geriatric Medicine kunye neGerontology. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahl. 103.

UWalston JD. I-sequelae eqhelekileyo yeklinikhi yokuguga. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 22.