I-Gram-negative meningitis

I-Meningitis ikhona xa inwebu egqume ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo iye idumbe kwaye idumbe. Esi sigqubuthelo sibizwa ngokuba zii-meninges.

Iibacteria lolunye uhlobo lwentsholongwane olunokubangela i-meningitis. Iibacteria ze-Gram-negative luhlobo lweebhaktiriya eziziphatha ngendlela efanayo emzimbeni. Zibizwa ngokuba zi-gram-negative kuba zijika zibe pinki xa zivavanywa elebhu kunye nebala elikhethekileyo elibizwa ngokuba yi-Gram stain.

I-bacterial meningitis ebukekayo inokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo zeGram-negative kubandakanya i-meningococcal kunye H influenzae.

Eli nqaku ligubungela i-gram-negative meningitis ebangelwa zezi ntsholongwane zilandelayo:

• Escherichia coli
• UKlebsiella pneumoniae
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Serratia marsescens

I-Gram-negative meningitis ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana kunabantu abadala. Kodwa inokwenzeka nakwabantu abadala, ngakumbi abo banomngcipheko omnye okanye nangaphezulu. Imiba yomngcipheko kubantu abadala nasebantwaneni ibandakanya:

• Usulelo (ngakumbi esiswini okanye kumchamo)
• Utyando lwamva nje lobuchopho
• Ukulimala kwangoku entloko
• Ukungaqhelekanga komqolo
• Ukufakwa kwe-spinal fluid shunt emva kotyando lobuchopho
• Ukuchaphazeleka kwendlela yomchamo
• Usulelo lwe-Urinary tract
• Amandla omzimba abuthathaka

Iimpawu zihlala ziza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zingabandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Ukutshintsha kwemeko yengqondo
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni (photophobia)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intamo elukhuni (meningismus)
• Iimpawu zesinyi, izintso, amathumbu, okanye usulelo lwemiphunga

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubakho nesi sifo:

• Ukuphazamiseka
• Iifonti ezikhulayo kwiintsana
• Ukuhla kwengqondo
• Ukutya okungalunganga okanye ukucaphuka ebantwaneni
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• Ukuma okungaqhelekanga, kunye nentloko nentamo egobele ngasemva (opisthotonos)

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Imibuzo iya kugxila kwiimpawu kunye nokuvezwa komntu onokuba neempawu ezifanayo, ezinje ngentamo eqinileyo kunye nomkhuhlane.

Ukuba umboneleli ucinga ukuba i-meningitis inokwenzeka, i-lumbar puncture (impompo yomqolo) iya kwenziwa ukuze kususwe isampulu yomgogodla wokuvavanya.

Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Inkcubeko yegazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuvavanywa kwentloko kwe-CT
• Ibala legram, amanye amabala akhethekileyo

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aya kuqala ngokukhawuleza. I-Ceftriaxone, i-ceftazidime, kunye ne-cefepime zezona zinto zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwezi zintsholongwane zolu hlobo lwe-meningitis. Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anganikwa, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwebhaktiriya.

Ukuba une-spinal shunt, inokususwa.

Unyango lwangaphambili luqalisiwe, ngcono isiphumo.

Abantu abaninzi bachacha ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa, uninzi lwabantu lunomonakalo osisigxina wengqondo okanye lusweleke kolu hlobo lwe-meningitis. Abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 banomngcipheko ophezulu wokufa. Uqhuba kakuhle kangakanani kuxhomekeke:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Luqala ngokukhawuleza kangakanani unyango
• Impilo yakho iyonke

Iingxaki zexesha elide zingabandakanya:

• Umonakalo wobuchopho
• Ukwakhiwa kolwelo phakathi kolukakayi kunye nengqondo (ukungasebenzi komhlaba)
• Ukwakhiwa kolwelo ngaphakathi kolukakayi olukhokelela kukudumba kwengqondo (i-hydrocephalus)
• Ukuphulukana nokuva
• Ukuxhuzula

Shayela u-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba ukrokrela i-meningitis kumntwana omncinci oneempawu ezilandelayo:

• Iingxaki zokondla
• Isikhalo esiphakamileyo
• Ukucaphuka
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo ongachazwanga

I-Meningitis inokuba sisifo esisongela ubomi ngokukhawuleza.

Unyango olukhawulezileyo lwezifo ezinxulumene noko lunokunciphisa ubunzima kunye neengxaki ze-meningitis.

I-Gram-negative meningitis

• Inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-peripheral system
• Ubalo lweseli le-CSF

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Bacterial meningitis. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Agasti 6, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoDisemba 1, 2020.

Nath A.Imeningitis: ibhaktiriya, intsholongwane, kunye nezinye. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 384.

Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR .. I-meningitis efanelekileyo. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 87.