H influenzae meningitis

I-Meningitis sisifo seembrane ezigubungele ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo. Esi sigqubuthelo sibizwa ngokuba zii-meninges.

Iibacteria lolunye uhlobo lwentsholongwane olunokubangela i-meningitis. Haemophilus influenzae Uhlobo b luhlobo olunye lweebhaktheriya ezibangela i-meningitis.

H influenzae meningitis kubangelwa Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b bhakteria. Esi sigulo asifani nomkhuhlane, obangelwa yintsholongwane.

Phambi kogonyo lwe-Hib, H influenzae yayisesona sizathu siphambili se-bacterial meningitis kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-5. Ukusukela ekubeni iyeza lokugonya lafumaneka e-United States, olu hlobo lwe-meningitis lwenzeka kancinci kakhulu ebantwaneni.

H influenzae i-meningitis inokwenzeka emva kosulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla. Usulelo luhlala lusasazeka ukusuka emiphungeni nakwindlela yomoya eya egazini, emva koko uye kwingqondo.

Izinto zomngcipheko zibandakanya:

• Ukuya kukhathalelo lwemini
• Umhlaza
• Usulelo lwendlebe (i-otitis media) kunye H influenzae usulelo
• Ilungu losapho kunye H influenzae usulelo
• Uhlanga lwaseMelika
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ukwaluphala
• Usulelo lweSinus (sinusitis)
• Umqala obuhlungu (pharyngitis)
• Usulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumula
• Amandla omzimba abuthathaka

Iimpawu zihlala ziza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zingabandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Ukutshintsha kwemeko yengqondo
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni (photophobia)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intamo elukhuni (meningismus)

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke zibandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka
• Iifonti ezikhulayo kwiintsana
• Ukuhla kwengqondo
• Ukutya okungalunganga kunye nokucaphuka ebantwaneni
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• Ukuma okungaqhelekanga, kunye nentloko nentamo egobele ngasemva (opisthotonos)

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Imibuzo iya kugxila kwiimpawu kunye nokuvezwa komntu onokuba neempawu ezifanayo, ezinje ngentamo eqinileyo kunye nomkhuhlane.

Ukuba ugqirha ucinga ukuba i-meningitis inokwenzeka, i-lumbar punct (impompo yomqolo) iyenziwa ukuze kuthathwe isampulu yolwelo lomqolo (cerebrospinal fluid, okanye i-CSF) kuvavanyo.

Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Inkcubeko yegazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuvavanywa kwentloko kwe-CT
• Ibala legram, amanye amabala akhethekileyo kunye nenkcubeko ye-CSF

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aya kunikwa ngokukhawuleza. ICeftriaxone yenye yeentsholongwane ezisetyenziswa rhoqo. Ampicillin ngamanye amaxesha inokusetyenziswa.

ICorticosteroids inokusetyenziselwa ukulwa nokudumba, ngakumbi ebantwaneni.

Abantu abangafumaniswanga abanonxibelelwano olusondeleyo nomntu onayo H influenzae meningitis kufuneka banikwe antibiotics ukuthintela usulelo. Aba bantu baquka:

• Amalungu osapho
• Igumbi lokulala kwigumbi lokulala
• Abo badibana ngokusondeleyo nomntu osulelekileyo

I-Meningitis sisifo esiyingozi kwaye sinokubulala. Ngokukhawuleza ukunyangwa, kungcono ithuba lokufumana kwakhona. Abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 banomngcipheko ophezulu wokufa.

Iingxaki zexesha elide zingabandakanya:

• Umonakalo wobuchopho
• Ukwakhiwa kolwelo phakathi kolukakayi kunye nengqondo (ukungasebenzi komhlaba)
• Ukwakhiwa kolwelo ngaphakathi kolukakayi olukhokelela kukudumba kwengqondo (i-hydrocephalus)
• Ukuphulukana nokuva
• Ukuxhuzula

Shayela u-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba ukrokrela i-meningitis kumntwana omncinci oneempawu ezilandelayo:

• Iingxaki zokondla
• Isikhalo esiphakamileyo
• Ukucaphuka
• Ukuqhubeka, umkhuhlane ongachazwanga

I-Meningitis inokuba sisifo esisongela ubomi ngokukhawuleza.

Iintsana nabantwana abancinci banokukhuseleka ngogonyo lwe-Hib.

Vala abafowunelwa kwikhaya elinye, esikolweni, okanye kwiziko lokugcina abantwana kufuneka bajongwe kwiimpawu zokuqala zesifo nje ukuba umntu wokuqala afunyaniswe. Onke amalungu osapho angagonywanga kunye nabafowunelwa abasondeleyo balo mntu kufuneka baqale unyango lwe-antibiotics ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela ukusasazeka kwesifo. Buza umboneleli wakho malunga namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kutyelelo lwakho lokuqala.

Ngalo lonke ixesha sebenzisa imikhwa emihle yococeko, njengokuhlamba izandla ngaphambi nasemva kokutshintsha ilweyile nasemva kokuhlamba.

H. influenzae meningitis; Umkhuhlane meningitis; Uhlobo lwe-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo lwe-meningitis

• Inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-peripheral system
• Ubalo lweseli le-CSF
• Haemophilus influenzae umzimba

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Bacterial meningitis. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Agasti 6, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoDisemba 1, 2020.

Nath A.Imeningitis: ibhaktiriya, intsholongwane, kunye nezinye. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 384.

I-Hasbun R, iVan de Beek D, iBrouwer MC, iTunkel AR. I-meningitis efanelekileyo. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 87.