Isifo sokuqina kwemihlathi

Isifo sokuqina kwemihlathi sisifo esosulelayo kwinkqubo yovalo kunye nohlobo lweentsholongwane ezinokubulala Iclostridium tetani (C tetani).

Iintsholongwane zebacteriaC tetani Zifumaneka emhlabeni, nakwilindle lezilwanyana nomlomo (ithumbu). Kwimo yespore, C tetani inokuhlala ingasebenzi emhlabeni. Kodwa inokuhlala isosulela ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40.

Unokulufumana usulelo lwe-tetanus xa iintsholongwane zingena emzimbeni wakho ngokwenzakala okanye ngenxeba. Ezi zityalo ziye zibe ziintsholongwane ezisasazekayo emzimbeni kwaye zenze ityhefu ekuthiwa yi-tetanus toxin. Le tyhefu ithintela imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo evela kumqolo wakho womqolo ukuya kwiimisipha zakho, nto leyo ebangela ukuqaqamba kwezihlunu. I-spasms inokuba namandla kangangokuba ikrazula izihlunu okanye ibangele ukwaphuka komqolo.

Ixesha eliphakathi kosulelo kunye nomqondiso wokuqala weempawu zimalunga neentsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-21. Uninzi lweziganeko ze-tetanus e-United States zenzeka kwabo bangakhange bagonywe ngokufanelekileyo esi sifo.

Isifo sokuqina kwemihlathi sihlala siqala ngokudumba okuthe chu kwimisipha yomhlathi (lockjaw). I-spasms inokuchaphazela isifuba sakho, intamo, umqolo, kunye nezihlunu zesisu. Imisipha yokubuyela umva ihlala ibangela ukugoba, okubizwa ngokuba yi-opisthotonos.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-spasms ichaphazela izihlunu ezinceda ngokuphefumla, ezinokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuphefumla.

Ukuthatha ixesha elide kwimisipha kubangela ukungqubana ngokukhawuleza, okunamandla kunye nokuqaqanjelwa kwamaqela emisipha. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-tetany. Ezi ziqendu ezinokubangela ukwaphuka kunye neenyembezi zemisipha.

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ukutsala amathe
• Ukubila okugqithisileyo
• Ifiva
• I-spasms yesandla okanye yeenyawo
• Ukucaphuka
• Ukuginya ubunzima
• Ukuchama okungalawulwayo okanye ukuzikhupha

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga nembali yakho yonyango. Akukho vavanyo lwelebhu oluthile lufumanekayo lokufumanisa isifo seetenus.

Iimvavanyo zingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-meningitis, i-rabies, i-strychnine poisoning, kunye nezinye izifo ezineempawu ezifanayo.

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane
• Indawo yokulala enendawo ezolileyo (ukukhanya okungacacanga, isandi esincitshisiweyo, kunye nobushushu obuzinzileyo)
• Iyeza lokuphelisa ityhefu (i-tetanus immune globulin)
• Izinto zokuhlaziya izihlunu, ezinje nge diazepam
• Ukuhlala
• Utyando lokucoca inxeba nokususa umthombo wetyhefu (ukususwa)

Ukuphefumla inkxaso ngeoksijini, ityhubhu yokuphefumla, kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla kunokuba yimfuneko.

Ngaphandle konyango, umntu om-1 kwaba-4 osulelekileyo uyafa. Izinga lokufa kweentsana ezingafakwanga unyango lwe-tetanus liphezulu kakhulu. Ngonyango olululo, bangaphantsi kwe-15% abantu abasulelekileyo abaswelekayo.

Amanxeba entloko okanye ebusweni abonakala eyingozi ngakumbi kunalawo amanye amalungu omzimba. Ukuba umntu uyasinda kwisifo esibuhlungu, ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kugqityiwe. Iziqendu ezingachanekanga zehypoxia (ukunqongophala kweoksijini) okubangelwa kukuqaqamba kwemisipha emqaleni kungakhokelela ekonakaleni kwengqondo okungenakulungiseka.

Iingxaki ezinokubangelwa yi-tetanus zibandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka komoya
• Ukubanjwa ngokuphefumla
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Ukonakala kwezihlunu
• Ukuqhekeka
• Umonakalo wobuchopho ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini ngexesha le-spasms

Shayela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokukhawuleza ukuba unesilonda esivulekile, ngakumbi ukuba:

• Wenzakele ngaphandle.
• Inxeba belinxibelelana nomhlaba.
• Awukayifumani i-tetanus booster (isitofu sokugonya) kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi okanye awuqinisekanga ngemeko yokugonywa.

Biza ixesha lokubonana nomboneleli wakho ukuba awukaze ugonyelwe isifo sokuqina kwemihlathi njengomntu omkhulu okanye njengomntwana. Biza kwakhona ukuba abantwana bakho khange bagonywe, okanye ukuba awuqinisekanga ngesimo sakho sokugonyelwa isifo sokuqina kwemihlathi (isitofu sokugonya).

Ugonyo

Isifo sokuqina kwemihlathi sinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokugonywa (ukugonywa). Ugonyo lukhusela rhoqo kusuleleko lwe-tetanus kangangeminyaka eli-10.

E-United States, ugonyo luqala ebusaneni ngothotho lwe-DTaP. Isitofu sokugonya se-DTaP sisitofu sokuthintela esine-3-in-1 esikhusela kwi-diphtheria, pertussis, kunye ne-tetanus.

Isitofu sokugonya i-Td okanye isitofu sokugonya i-Tdap sisetyenziselwa ukugcina ukhuseleko kubantu abaneminyaka esi-7 nangaphezulu. Ugonyo lwe-Tdap kufuneka lunikezwe kube kanye, ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-65, endaweni ye-Td kwabo bangenayo i-Tdap. Izikhuthazi ze-Td ziyacetyiswa rhoqo kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuqala kwiminyaka eyi-19.

Ulutsha oludala kunye nabantu abadala abafumana ukwenzakala, ngakumbi amanxeba ohlobo lokugqojozwa, kufuneka bafumane isikhuthazi somzimba ukuba ibingaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 okokugqibela.

Ukuba wenzakele ngaphandle okanye nangayiphi na indlela enxibelelana nomhlaba ngokunokwenzeka, qhagamshelana nomboneleli wakho malunga nomngcipheko wokufumana usulelo lwe-tetanus. Ukwenzakala kunye namanxeba kufuneka zicocwe kakuhle kwangoko. Ukuba izicwili zenxeba ziyafa, ugqirha kuya kufuneka asuse izicwili.

Usenokuba ukhe weva ukuba ungayifumana i-tetanus ukuba wenzakele ngesikhonkwane esivuthayo. Oku kuyinyani kuphela xa isikhonkwane singcolile kwaye sinentsholongwane ye-tetanus kuso. Ubumdaka kwisikhonkwane, hayi umhlwa obeka umngcipheko kwi-tetanus.

Lockjaw; UTismus

• Iintsholongwane

I-Birch TB, iBleck TP. Isifo sokuqina kwemihlathi (Clostridium tetani). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 244.

USimon BC, uHern HG. Imigaqo yolawulo lwamanxeba. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 52.