Usulelo Indlebe - etsolo

Usulelo lwendlebe sesinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo ukuba abazali bathathe abantwana babo baye kumboneleli wezempilo. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo losulelo lwendlebe lubizwa ngokuba yi-otitis media. Kubangelwa kukudumba kunye nosulelo lwendlebe ephakathi. Indlebe ephakathi ibekwe nje emva kwendlebe.

Usuleleko lwendlebe olunamandla luqala ixesha elifutshane kwaye lubuhlungu. Usulelo lwendlebe oluhlala ixesha elide okanye oluza kwaye lubizwa ngokuba kukusuleleka kwindlebe okungapheliyo.

Umbhobho we-eustachian ubaleka usuka embindini wendlebe nganye uye emva emqaleni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo mbhobho ukhupha ulwelo olwenziwe kwindlebe esembindini. Ukuba le bhubhu iyavalwa, ulwelo lunokwakha. Oku kunokukhokelela kusulelo.

• Usulelo lwendlebe luqhelekile kwiintsana nasebantwaneni kuba iityhubhu ze-eustachian zivalwe ngokulula.
• Usulelo lwendlebe lunokwenzeka nakubantu abadala, nangona zingaqhelekanga kakhulu kunakubantwana.

Nantoni na ebangela ukuba i-eustachian tubes idumbe okanye ivaleke yenza ukuba ulwelo lube ninzi kwindlebe ephakathi emva kwendlebe. Abanye oonobangela zezi:

• Umzimba
• Umkhuhlane kunye nosulelo lwesifo
• Ukuchama okugqithileyo kunye namathe aveliswe ngexesha lokudinwa
• I-adenoids echaphazelekayo okanye engaphezulu (izicubu ze-lymph kwindawo ephezulu yomqala)
• Umsi wecuba

Usulelo lwendlebe lusenokwenzeka ngakumbi kubantwana abachitha ixesha elininzi besela kwikomityi ye-sippy okanye kwibhotile ngelixa belele ngomqolo. Ubisi lunokungena kumbhobho we-eustachian, onokuthi wandise umngcipheko wosulelo lwendlebe. Ukufumana amanzi ezindlebeni akuyi kubangela usulelo lwendlebe olunamandla ngaphandle kokuba i-eardrum inomngxunya kuyo.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi bokusuleleka kwindlebe zibandakanya:

• Ukuya kukhathalelo lwemini (ngakumbi amaziko anabantwana abangaphezulu kwesithandathu)
• Utshintsho kubude okanye kwimozulu
• Imozulu ebandayo
• Ukubonakaliswa komsi
• Imbali yosapho yosulelo lwendlebe
• Ukungancanciswa
• Ukusetyenziswa kwePacifier
• Usulelo lwamva lwendlebe
• Ukugula kutshanje kwalo naluphi na uhlobo (kuba ukugula kunciphisa ukuxhathisa komzimba kusulelo)
• Isiphene sokuzalwa, njengokunqongophala komsebenzi we-eustachian tube

Kwiintsana, ngokufuthi olona phawu luphambili losulelo lwendlebe kukucaphuka okanye ukulila okungenakuthuthuzelwa. Uninzi lweentsana kunye nabantwana abanesifo esibuhlungu sendlebe banomkhuhlane okanye banengxaki yokulala. Ukutsala endlebeni akusoloko kungumqondiso wokuba umntwana unesifo sendlebe.

Iimpawu zentsholongwane yendlebe ebukhali kubantwana abadala okanye kubantu abadala zibandakanya:

• Intlungu yendlebe
• Ukugcwala kwindlebe
• Ukuziva ugula ngokubanzi
• Ukuxinana kwempumlo
• Khohlela
• Ukuhamba
  
• Ukuhlanza
• Urhudo
• Ukuva ilahleko kwindlebe echaphazelekayo
• Umjelo wamanzi kwindlebe
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya

Usulelo lwendlebe lungaqala kungekudala emva kokubanda. Umjelo wamanzi okhawulezileyo otyheli okanye oluhlaza ophuma endlebeni unokuthetha ukuba indlebe iqhume.

Lonke usulelo lwendlebe olubukhali lubandakanya ulwelo emva kwendlebe. Ekhaya, ungasebenzisa iliso lendlebe elektroniki ukujonga oku kulwelo. Ungathenga esi sixhobo kwindawo ekuthengiswa kuyo iziyobisi. Usafuna ukubona umboneleli wezempilo ukuqinisekisa usulelo lwendlebe.

Umboneleli wakho uya kuthatha imbali yakho yezonyango kwaye abuze malunga neempawu.

Umboneleli uya kujonga ngaphakathi kweendlebe esebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-otoscope. Olu vavanyo lunokubonisa:

• Iindawo ezibomvu
• Ukudumba kwenwebu yetympanic
• Ukukhutshwa kwindlebe
  
• Amaqamza omoya okanye ulwelo emva kwendlebe
• Umngxunya (ukugqobhoza) kwindlebe

Umboneleli unokucebisa uvavanyo lokuva ukuba umntu unembali yosulelo lwendlebe.

Olunye usulelo lwendlebe luyazicacisa ngokwalo ngaphandle kwee-antibiotics. Ukunyanga iintlungu kunye nokuvumela umzimba ukuba uziphilise kuhlala kuyinto efunekayo:

• Faka ilaphu elifudumeleyo okanye ibhotile yamanzi ashushu kwindlebe echaphazelekayo.
• Sebenzisa i-counter-the-counter pain pain iyeza yeendlebe. Okanye, buza umboneleli malunga ne-eardrops kagqirha ukunciphisa iintlungu.
• Thatha amayeza ungawathengisi njenge-ibuprofen okanye i-acetaminophen xa usiva iintlungu okanye ifiva. UNGABANIKI i-aspirin abantwana.

Bonke abantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 benomkhuhlane okanye iimpawu zosulelo lwendlebe kufuneka babone umboneleli. Abantwana abaneminyaka engaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6 bangajongwa emakhaya ukuba abanayo:

• Umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe-102 ° F (38.9 ° C)
• Intlungu ebuhlungu okanye ezinye iimpawu
• Ezinye iingxaki zonyango

Ukuba akukho phuculo okanye ukuba iimpawu ziya zisiba mbi, cwangcisa ixesha lokudibana nomnikezeli wakho ukujonga ukuba ngaba ziyafuneka na i-antibiotics.

IZIQULATHO

Intsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya inokubangela usulelo lwendlebe. I-Antibiotic ayizukunceda usulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane. Uninzi lwababoneleli abaluniki ii-antibiotics kuzo zonke izifo zendlebe. Nangona kunjalo, bonke abantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 abanesifo sendlebe baphathwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Umboneleli wakho kunokwenzeka ukuba anike amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Ngaba ungaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-2
• Unomkhuhlane
• Kubonakala ngathi uyagula
• Ayiphuculi kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48

Ukuba ngaba amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane amiselwe, kubalulekile ukuba uwathathe yonke imihla kwaye uthathe onke amayeza. Sukuliyeka iyeza xa iimpawu ziphela. Ukuba i-antibiotics ibonakala ingasebenzi ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 ukuya kuma-72, nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho. Ungadinga ukutshintshela kwi-antibiotiki eyahlukileyo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubandakanya isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye norhudo. Ukuphendula kakubi kakhulu kunqabile, kodwa kunokwenzeka.

Abanye abantwana banesifo esiphindaphindayo sendlebe esibonakala ngathi siyahamba phakathi kweziqendu. Banokufumana idosi encinci, yemihla ngemihla yamayeza okuthintela usulelo olutsha.

UKUGQIBELA

Ukuba usulelo aluhambi kunye nonyango oluqhelekileyo, okanye ukuba umntwana unesifo seendlebe ezininzi ngexesha elifutshane, umboneleli unokucebisa ngeetyhubhu zeendlebe:

• Ukuba umntwana ungaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu ubudala une-3 okanye ngaphezulu usulelo lwendlebe kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6 okanye ngaphezulu kosulelo lweendlebe kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12.
• Ukuba umntwana ongaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu ubudala une-2 yokusulelwa kwindlebe kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 okanye iziqendu ezi-3 kwiinyanga ezingama-24
• Ukuba usulelo alupheli nonyango

Kule nkqubo, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci kwindlebe, igcina ivuleke umngxunya omncinci ovumela ukuba kungene umoya kulwelo ukuze lukhuphe ngokulula ngakumbi (myringotomy).

Iityhubhu zihlala zishiya zodwa. Abo bangawi bangasuswa kwiofisi yomboneleli.

Ukuba ii-adenoids zandisiwe, ukuzisusa ngotyando kunokuqwalaselwa ukuba usulelo lwendlebe luyaqhubeka ukwenzeka. Ukususa iitoni akubonakali kunceda ukuthintela usulelo lwendlebe.

Rhoqo, usulelo lwendlebe yingxaki encinci ebangcono. Usulelo lwendlebe lunokunyangwa, kodwa lunokuvela kwakhona kwixesha elizayo.

Uninzi lwabantwana luya kuba nexesha elifutshane lokulahlekelwa kwindlebe ngexesha nangasekunene emva kosulelo lwendlebe. Oku kungenxa yolwelo endlebeni. Ulwelo lunokuhlala ngasemva kwe-eardrum iiveki okanye iinyanga emva kokuba usulelo luye lwaphela.

Intetho okanye ukulibaziseka kolwimi akuqhelekanga. Kungenzeka kumntwana ophulukene nokuva okungapheliyo kwizifo ezininzi eziphindaphindayo kwindlebe.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, usulelo olunzulu luyakhula, njengale:

• Ukukrazulwa kwendlebe
  
• Ukusasazeka kosulelo kwizicubu ezikufuphi, ezinje ngokusuleleka kwamathambo emva kwendlebe (mastoiditis) okanye usulelo lwenzalo yengqondo (meningitis)
  
• Imithombo yeendaba engapheliyo ye-otitis
  
• Ukuqokelelwa kobofu ngaphakathi okanye ngaphakathi kwingqondo (ithumba)

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba:

• Unokudumba emva kwendlebe.
• Iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mbi, nditsho nonyango.
• Unomkhuhlane omkhulu okanye iintlungu eziqatha.
• Intlungu ebukhali iyeka ngesiquphe, enokubonisa ukuba ugqabhuke indlebe.
• Iimpawu ezintsha ziyavela, ingakumbi intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ukudumba okujikeleze indlebe, okanye ukujijeka kwemisipha yobuso.

Yazisa umboneleli kwangoko ukuba umntwana ongaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 unefiva, nokuba umntwana akanazo ezinye iimpawu.

Unokuwunciphisa umngcipheko womntwana wakho kusulelo lwendlebe ngala manyathelo alandelayo:

• Hlamba izandla zakho kunye nezomntwana wakho nezinto zokudlala ukunciphisa amathuba okuba ugodole.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, khetha indawo yokugcina abantwana enabantwana aba-6 okanye abambalwa. Oku kunokunciphisa amathuba omntwana wakho okufumana ukubanda okanye olunye usulelo.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa i-pacifiers.
• Uncelise umntwana wakho.
• Kuphephe ukondla umntwana ngebhotile xa elele phantsi.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya.
• Qinisekisa ukuba ugonyo lomntwana wakho lusexesheni. Ugonyo lwe-pneumococcal luthintela usulelo kwiibhaktheriya ezihlala zibangela usulelo lwendlebe olunamandla kunye nosulelo oluninzi lokuphefumla.

Otitis media - ngokukhawuleza; Usulelo - indlebe yangaphakathi; Usulelo lwendlebe oluphakathi - olunamandla

• I-anatomy yendlebe
• Usulelo lwendlebe oluphakathi (otitis media)
• Ityhubhu ye-Eustachian
• Imastoiditis - icala elibonayo lentloko
• I-Mastoiditis - ubomvu kunye nokudumba emva kwendlebe
• Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu yendlebe-uthotho

IHaddad J, iDodhia SN. Ukuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi kunye nokuvavanywa kwendlebe. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson, KM. ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 654.

Irwin GM. Imithombo yeendaba yeOtitis. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Unyango lwangoku lukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2020: 493-497.

I-Kerschner JE, i-Preciado D. Otitis yeendaba. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson, KM. ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 658.

UMurphy TF. IMoraxella catarrhalis, i-kingella, kunye nezinye iigco-negative cocci. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 213.

URanakusuma RW, uPitoyo Y, uSafitri ED, et al, Inkqubo yecorticosteroids ye-otitis media yabantwana. Isiseko sedatha yeCochrane Isityhi. 2018; 15; 3 (3): CD012289. IINKCUKACHA: 29543327 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29543327/.

URosenfeld RM, uSchwartz SR, uPynnonen MA, okqhubekayo. Isikhokelo sokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi: iityhubhu zetympanostomy ebantwaneni. Intloko ye-Otolaryngol Surg. Ngo-2013; 149 (1 iSuppl): S1-S35. IINKCUKACHA: 23818543 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23818543/.

URosenfeld RM, uShin JJ, uSchwartz SR, okqhubekayo. Isikhokelo sokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi: i-otitis media nge-effusion (uhlaziyo). Intloko ye-Otolaryngol Surg. Ngo-2016; 154 (1 iSuppl): S1-S41. IINKCUKACHA: 26832942 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26832942/.