Uvavanyo lwe-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2

Uvavanyo lwe-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 luvavanyo lwegazi olunokukuxelela ukuba unengozi ephezulu yokufumana umhlaza. Igama le-BRCA livela koonobumba ababini bokuqala brbucala ngasekhohlo cancer.

I-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 ziijini ezicinezela amathumba amabi (umhlaza) ebantwini. Xa ezi ntlobo zemfuza zitshintsha (ziguqulwa) azizicinezeli izilonda njengoko kufanelekile. Ke abantu abane-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 yokutshintsha kwemfuba basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana umhlaza.

Abasetyhini abanolu tshintsho basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana umhlaza webele okanye umhlaza we-ovari. Utshintsho lunokwandisa umngcipheko wokubafazi:

• Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Umhlaza wesibeleko
• Umhlaza wamathumbu
• Umhlaza wepancreatic
• Umhlaza we-gallbladder okanye umhlaza we-bile duct
• Umhlaza wesisu
• Melanoma

Amadoda anolu tshintsho nawo anokufumana umhlaza. Utshintsho lunokwandisa umngcipheko wendoda wokukhula:

• Umhlaza webele
• Umhlaza wepancreatic
• Umhlaza wamatyhalarha
• Umhlaza wedlala lobudoda

Kuphela malunga neepesenti ezi-5 zomhlaza webele kunye ne-10 ukuya kwi-15% yomhlaza womhlaza onxulunyaniswa notshintsho lwe-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2.

Phambi kokuba uvavanywe, kuya kufuneka uthethe nomcebisi ngemfuzo ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngeemvavanyo, kunye nomngcipheko kunye nezibonelelo zovavanyo.

Ukuba unelungu losapho elinomhlaza webele okanye umhlaza we-ovari, fumanisa ukuba ngaba lo mntu uvavanyelwe utshintsho lwe-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2. Ukuba loo mntu unokuguquka, unokucinga ngokuvavanywa, naye.

Umntu othile kusapho lwakho unokufumana utshintsho lwe-BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2 ukuba:

• Izalamane ezibini okanye ezingaphezulu ezisondeleyo (abazali, abantwana bakowenu, abantwana) banomhlaza wamabele ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50
• Isalamane esiyindoda sinomhlaza webele
• Isalamane sabasetyhini sinomhlaza wamabele kunye nowesibeleko
• Izihlobo ezibini zinomhlaza we-ovari
• UngowaseMpuma Yurophu (Ashkenazi) ukhokho wamaJuda, kwaye isihlobo esisondeleyo sinomhlaza wamabele okanye we-ovari

Unethuba eliphantsi kakhulu lokufumana utshintsho lwe-BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2 ukuba:

• Awunaso isihlobo esasinomdlavuza webele ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50
• Awunaso isihlobo esinomhlaza we-ovari
• Awunaso isihlobo esasinomhlaza wamabele wesilisa

Phambi kokuba kwenziwe uvavanyo, thetha nomcebisi ngemfuzo ukuze athathe isigqibo sokuba ngaba kufuneka kwenziwe olo vavanyo.

• Yiza nembali yakho yezonyango, imbali yonyango yosapho, kunye nemibuzo.
• Unokufuna ukuza nomntu ukuba amamele kwaye athathe amanqaku. Kunzima ukuva nokukhumbula yonke into.

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuvavanywa, isampulu yegazi lakho ithunyelwa kwilebhu egxile kuvavanyo lwemvelo. Ilebhu iya kuvavanya igazi lakho kwiinguqulelo ze-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2. Kungathabatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo.

Xa iziphumo zovavanyo zibuyile, umcebisi wezofuzo uya kukucacisela iziphumo kwaye zithetha ntoni kuwe.

Iziphumo zovavanyo ezilungileyo zithetha ukuba ulifumene njengelifa i-BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2.

• Oku akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza, okanye nokuba uya kufumana umhlaza. Oku kuthetha ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana umhlaza.
• Oku kukwathetha ukuba unako okanye ungaludlulisa olu tshintsho kubantwana bakho. Qho xa unomntwana kukho ithuba eli-1 ukuya kwele-2 lokuba umntwana wakho afumane utshintsho onalo.

Xa uyazi ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza, unokuthatha isigqibo sokuba uza kwenza nantoni na eyahlukileyo.

• Unokufuna ukuhlolwa umhlaza rhoqo, ukuze ubanjwe kwangoko kwaye unyangwe.
• Kunokubakho iyeza onokuthi ulithathe elinokunciphisa amathuba okuba nomhlaza.
• Unokukhetha ukwenza utyando ukuze ususe amabele akho okanye amaqanda.

Akukho nanye kwezi nyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuba awuyi kufumana umhlaza.

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho kuguquko lwe-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 alunto, umcebisi wezofuzo uya kukuxelela ukuba kuthetha ntoni oku. Imbali yosapho lwakho iya kunceda umcebisi wezofuzo aqonde iziphumo zovavanyo ezingalunganga.

Iziphumo zovavanyo ezingalunganga azithethi ukuba awuzukufumana umhlaza. Kunokuthetha ukuba unengozi efanayo yokufumana umhlaza njengabantu abangenalo olu tshintsho.

Qiniseka ukuba uxoxa ngazo zonke iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, nokuba neziphumo ezibi, kunye nomcebisi wezofuzo.

Umhlaza webele - i-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2; Umhlaza we-Ovarian - BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2

UMoyer VA; IiNkonzo zoThintelo ze-US. Uvavanyo lomngcipheko, ukululekwa ngemfuza, kunye nokuvavanywa kwemfuza kumhlaza onxulumene ne-BRCA kwabasetyhini: Ingxelo yengcebiso yengcebiso ye-US. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2014; 160 (4): 271-281. IINKCUKACHA: 24366376 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24366376.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Utshintsho lwe-BRCA: umngcipheko womhlaza kunye novavanyo lwemfuzo. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 30, 2018. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 5, 2019.

INussbaum RL, iMcInnes RR, uWillard HF. Umhlaza wemfuza kunye nejenomics. Ku: Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF, ii-eds. Thompson kunye no-Thompson Genetics kwiyeza. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 15.

• Umhlaza webele
• Uvavanyo lwemfuzo
• Umhlaza we-Ovarian