Uhlaselo lwexeshana lweschemic

Uhlaselo lwexeshana lwe-ischemic (TIA) lwenzeka xa ukuphuma kwegazi kwinxalenye yengqondo kumisa okwexeshana. Umntu uya kuba neempawu ezinjenge-stroke ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-24. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu zihlala kwiiyure ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2.

Uhlaselo lwexeshana lwe-ischemic luphawu lwesilumkiso sokuba ukubetha ngenene kunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo ukuba kukho into engenziwanga ukuyikhusela.

I-TIA yahlukile kunesifo sokubethwa. Emva kwe-TIA, ukubhloka kuphuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunyibilike. I-TIA ayibangeli ukuba kubhubhe izicwili zobuchopho.

Ukuphulukana nokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwindawo yengqondo kunokubangelwa:

• Igazi eligcwele umthambo wobuchopho
• Ihlwili legazi eliya kwingqondo ukusuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni (umzekelo, ngokusuka entliziyweni)
• Ukwenzakala kwimithambo yegazi
• Ukuxinwa kwesitya segazi kwingqondo okanye ukukhokelela kwingqondo

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngowona mngcipheko uphambili we-TIAs kunye nesibetho. Ezinye izinto eziphambili zomngcipheko zezi:

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungavumelekanga okubizwa ngokuba yi-atrial fibrillation
• Seswekile
• Imbali yosapho yokubetha
• Ukuba yindoda
• Cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukwanda kweminyaka, ngakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-55
• Ubuhlanga (abantu base-Afrika baseMelika kunokwenzeka ukuba babulawe sistroke)
• Ukutshaya
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngokuzonwabisa
• Imbali ye-TIA yangaphambili okanye ukubetha

Abantu abanesifo sentliziyo okanye ukuhamba gazi okungalunganga emilenzeni yabo okubangelwa yimithambo emxinwa kunamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-TIA okanye ukubetha.

Iimpawu ziqala ngequbuliso, zihlala ixesha elifutshane (ukusuka kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwiiyure ezi-2), kwaye uhambe. Zingaphinda zenzeke ngelinye ixesha.

Iimpawu ze-TIA ziyafana neempawu zestroke, kwaye zibandakanya:

• Guqula ukulumka (kubandakanya ukulala okanye ukungazi)
• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo (ezinje ngokuva, umbono, incasa, kunye nokuchukumisa)
• Utshintsho lwengqondo (njengokubhideka, ukulahleka kwememori, ukubhala nzima okanye ukufunda, ingxaki yokuthetha okanye ukuqonda abanye)
• Iingxaki zemisipha (njengobuthathaka, ingxaki yokuginya, ukuhamba nzima)
• Uxinzelelo okanye ukulahleka kokulinganisela kunye nokulungelelanisa
• Ukunqongophala kolawulo kwisinyi okanye emathunjini
• Iingxaki zemithambo-luvo (ezinje ngokuba ndindisholo okanye ukubetha kwelinye icala lomzimba)

Rhoqo, iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-TIA ziya kube zihambile ngexesha ufika esibhedlele. Ukuxilongwa kwe-TIA kunokwenziwa ngokusekwe kwimbali yakho yonyango kuphela.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba ukukhangela iingxaki zentliziyo kunye negazi. Uya kujongwa kwakhona kwiingxaki zemithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu.

Ugqirha uya kusebenzisa i-stethoscope ukumamela intliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo. Isandi esingaqhelekanga esibizwa ngokuba yi-bruit sinokuviwa xa umamele umthambo we-carotid entanyeni okanye komnye umthambo. I-bruit ibangelwa kukungahambi kakuhle kwegazi.

Uvavanyo luyakwenziwa ukulawula ukubetha okanye ukuphazamiseka okunokubangela iimpawu:

• Uya kuba ne-CT scan okanye i-MRI yengqondo. Ukubetha ngesibetho kungabonisa utshintsho kwezi mvavanyo, kodwa ii-TIAs azizukuyenza.
• Unokuba ne-angiogram, i-CT angiogram, okanye i-MR angiogram ukubona ukuba yeyiphi na into yegazi evaliweyo okanye ekopha.
• Unokuba ne-echocardiogram ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba unokuba negazi elisuka entliziyweni.
• I-Carotid duplex (i-ultrasound) ingabonisa ukuba imithambo ye-carotid entanyeni yakho inciphile.
• Unokuba ne-electrocardiogram (ECG) kunye novavanyo lwesingqisho sentliziyo ukujonga ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.

Ugqirha wakho angenza ezinye iimvavanyo ukukhangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, icholesterol ephezulu, kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko kwii-TIAs okanye ukubetha.

Ukuba ubunayo i-TIA ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 ezidlulileyo, uya kungeniswa esibhedlele ukuze oogqirha bakwazi ukukhangela unobangela kwaye bakugcine.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, i-cholesterol ephezulu kunye nokuphazamiseka kwegazi kuya kunyangwa xa kufuneka njalo. Uya kukhuthazwa ukuba wenze utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ukunciphisa umngcipheko weempawu ezingaphezulu. Utshintsho lubandakanya ukuyeka ukutshaya, ukwenza umthambo ngakumbi, kunye nokutya ukutya okusempilweni.

Unokufumana abacoci begazi, abanjengo-aspirin okanye iCoumadin, ukunciphisa ukujiya kwegazi. Abanye abantu abaye bavala imithambo yentamo banokufuna utyando (i-carotid endarterectomy). Ukuba unentliziyo engavumelekanga (i-atrial fibrillation), uya kunyangwa ukukhusela iingxaki ezizayo.

Ii-TIAs azibangeli monakalo ungapheliyo kwingqondo.

Kodwa, ii-TIAs luphawu lwesilumkiso lokuba unokubethwa yinyani kwiintsuku okanye kwiinyanga ezizayo. Abanye abantu abane-TIA baya kuba ne-stroke kwisithuba seenyanga ezintathu. Isiqingatha sale mivimbo senzeka ngexesha leeyure ezingama-48 emva kwe-TIA. Ukubetha kungenzeka ngaloo mini okanye kamva. Abanye abantu bane-TIA enye, kwaye abanye bane-TIA enye.

Unokuwanciphisa amathuba akho okubetha emva kwexesha ngokulandela umboneleli wakho ukulawula iimeko zakho zomngcipheko.

I-TIA ingxamisekileyo kwezonyango. Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yalapho kwangoko. Musa ukungahoyi iimpawu ngenxa yokuba zihamba. Banokuba sisilumkiso sokubetha okuzayo.

Landela imiyalelo yomboneleli wakho ngendlela yokuthintela ii-TIAs kunye nemivumbo. Uya kuthi uxelelwe ukuba wenze utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kwaye uthathe amayeza ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye icholesterol ephezulu.

Ukubetha okuncinci; I-TIA; Ukubetha okuncinci; Isifo seCerebrovascular - TIA; Umthambo weCarotid - TIA

• I-Angioplasty kunye nokubekwa kwindawo entle-umthambo we-carotid-ukukhutshwa
• I-Atrial fibrillation - ukukhutshwa
• Utyando lweCarotid-ukukhutshwa
• Stroke - ukubhobhoza
• Ukuthatha warfarin (Coumadin)

• I-Endarterectomy
• Ukuhlaselwa okwethutyana kwe-Ischemic (TIA)

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