Isifo sokugubhuka

I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) sisifo esizenzekelayo esichaphazela ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo (inkqubo ye-nervous system).

I-MS ichaphazela abafazi ngakumbi kunamadoda. Esi sifo sixhaphake phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40, kodwa sinokubonakala nakweyiphi na iminyaka.

I-MS ibangelwa ngumonakalo kwi-myelin sheath. Esi esingxotyeni sisigqubuthelo sokhuselo esijikeleze iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Xa oku kugquma kwemithambo-luvo konakele, imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo iyacotha okanye iyeke.

Umonakalo wemithambo-luvo ubangelwa kukudumba. Ukudumba kwenzeka xa iiseli zomzimba zomzimba zihlasela inkqubo yeemvakalelo. Oku kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na indawo yengqondo, i-optic nerve, kunye nentambo yomqolo.

Ayaziwa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela i-MS. Eyona ngcinga ixhaphakileyo kukuba ibangelwa yintsholongwane, sisiphene semfuza, okanye zombini. Imeko yokusingqongileyo nazo zinokudlala indima.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uphuhle le meko ukuba unembali yosapho ye-MS okanye uhlala kwinxalenye yehlabathi apho i-MS ixhaphake khona.

Iimpawu ziyahluka kuba indawo kunye nobungqongqo kuhlaselo ngalunye zinokwahluka. Ukuhlaselwa kunokuhlala iintsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga. Uhlaselo lulandelwa kukuxolelwa. La ngamaxesha onciphiso lweempawu okanye akukho zimpawu. Umkhuhlane, iibhafu ezishushu, ukukhanya kwelanga kunye noxinzelelo kunokubangela okanye kuhlasele uhlaselo.

Kuqhelekile ukuba isifo sibuye (sibuyele umva). Esi sifo sinokuqhubeka siba mandundu ngaphandle kokuxolelwa.

Amanzi kulo naliphi na icandelo lobuchopho okanye umnqonqo angonakala. Ngenxa yoku, iimpawu ze-MS zinokuvela kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba.

Iimpawu zemisipha:

• Ukuphulukana nokulingana
• Ukudumba kwezihlunu
• Ubumdaka okanye uvakalelo olungaqhelekanga kuyo nayiphi na indawo
• Iingxaki zokuhambisa iingalo okanye imilenze
• Iingxaki zokuhamba
• Iingxaki ngokulungelelanisa nokwenza iintshukumo ezincinci
• Ukungcangcazela kwingalo enye okanye nangaphezulu okanye emilenzeni
• Ubuthathaka kwingalo enye okanye nangaphezulu okanye emilenzeni

Iimpawu zesisu kunye nesinyi:

• Ukuqunjelwa kunye nokuvuza kwilindle
• Kunzima ukuqala ukuchama
• Rhoqo isidingo sokuchama
• Umnqweno onamandla wokuchama
• Ukuvuza komchamo (ukungasebenzi)

Iimpawu zamehlo:

• Umbono kabini
• Ukungaphatheki kakuhle kwamehlo
• Ukungalawuleki kwamehlo
• Ukulahleka kombono (kuhlala kuchaphazela iliso elinye ngexesha)

Ubudenge, ukubetha, okanye iintlungu:

• Intlungu ebusweni
• Iintlungu zemisipha ebuhlungu
• Ukurhawuzelela, ukukhasa, okanye ukuvutha ezingalweni nasemilenzeni

Olunye uphawu lweengqondo kunye nemithambo-luvo:

• Ukuncipha kwexesha lokuthathela ingqalelo, ukugweba okungalunganga, kunye nokulahleka kwememori
• Ubunzima bokuqiqa nokusombulula iingxaki
• Uxinzelelo okanye iimvakalelo zosizi
• Uxinzelelo kunye neengxaki zokulinganisela
• Ukuphulukana nokuva

Iimpawu zesondo:

• Iingxaki ngokulungiswa
• Iingxaki ukuthambisa ajikeleze lobufazi

Intetho kunye neempawu zokuginya:

• Intetho edibeneyo okanye ekunzima ukuyiqonda
• Ingxaki yokuhlafuna nokuginya

Ukukhathala yinto eqhelekileyo nephazamisayo njengoko i-MS iqhubeka. Idla ngokuba mandundu emva kwemini.

Iimpawu ze-MS zinokulinganisa ezinye zeengxaki ezininzi zenkqubo ye-neva. I-MS ifunyaniswa ngokuchonga ukuba ngaba kukho imiqondiso yokuhlaselwa okungaphezulu kwesinye kwingqondo okanye kwintambo yomgogodla nangokulawula ezinye iimeko.

Abantu abanefom ye-MS ebizwa ngokuba yi-MS ebuyayo-banembali ubuncinci bezihlaselo ezibini ezahlulwe kukuxolelwa.

Kwabanye abantu, esi sifo sinokuba mbi kancinci phakathi kokuhlaselwa okucacileyo. Le fomu ibizwa ngokuba yiMMS yesibini eqhubekayo. Ifom enenkqubela phambili ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa akukho luhlaselo lucacileyo lubizwa ngokuba yi-MS ephambili yokuqhubela phambili.

Umboneleli ngononophelo lwempilo unokurhanela i-MS ukuba kukho ukuncipha ekusebenzeni kwamacandelo amabini ahlukeneyo enkqubo ye-nervous system (ezinje ngengqondo engaqhelekanga) ngamaxesha amabini ahlukeneyo.

Uvavanyo lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo lunokubonisa ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwemithambo-luvo kwindawo enye yomzimba. Okanye ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwemithambo-luvo kunokusasazeka kumalungu amaninzi omzimba. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Iimpawu zengqondo ezingaqhelekanga
• Ukwehla kwesakhono sokuhambisa ilungu lomzimba
• Ukuncipha okanye ukungaqhelekanga kwemvakalelo
• Olunye ulahleko lwemisebenzi yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, njengombono

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kunokubonisa:

• Iimpendulo zomfundi ezingaqhelekanga
• Utshintsho kumabala abonakalayo okanye ukuhamba kwamehlo
• Ukuncipha kokubona
• Iingxaki ngamalungu angaphakathi esiso
• Ukuhamba kwamehlo okukhawulezayo kubangelwe xa iso lihamba

Uvavanyo lokufumanisa i-MS lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukulawula ezinye iimeko ezifanayo ne-MS.
• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar (impompo yomqolo) kuvavanyo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), kubandakanya ne-CSF oligoclonal banding inokufuneka.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI kwengqondo okanye umqolo, okanye zombini zibalulekile ukunceda ukufumanisa nokulandela i-MS.
• Umsebenzi wokusebenza kwamathambo (ukukhutshwa kovavanyo olunokubakho, olufana nokuphendula okubonakalayo) akuqhelekanga kusetyenziswa.

Akukho lunyango lwe-MS ngeli xesha, kodwa lukhona unyango olunokuthi lusinciphise isifo. Injongo yonyango kukuyeka ukuqhubela phambili, ukulawula iimpawu, kunye nokukunceda ugcine umgangatho wobomi oqhelekileyo.

Amayeza ahlala ethathwa ixesha elide. Oku kubandakanya:

• Amayeza okuphelisa isifo
• Ii-Steroids ukunciphisa ubungqongqo bokuhlaselwa
• Amayeza okulawula iimpawu ezinje ngokuqaqamba kwezihlunu, iingxaki zomchamo, ukudinwa, okanye iingxaki zemood

Amayeza asebenza ngakumbi kwifom yokubuyisela kwakhona kunezinye iifom ze-MS.

Oku kulandelayo kunokuba luncedo kubantu abane-MS:

• Unyango lomzimba, unyango lwentetho, unyango lomsebenzi kunye namaqela enkxaso
• Izixhobo ezincedisayo, ezinje ngezitulo ezinamavili, iilifti zebhedi, izitulo zeshawari, abahambahambayo kunye nemivalo yodonga
• Inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuzivocavoca kwangethuba lokuphazamiseka
• Indlela yokuphila esempilweni, nesondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nokuphumla ngokwaneleyo kunye nokuphumla
• Ukuphepha ukudinwa, uxinzelelo, iqondo lobushushu, kunye nokugula
• Utshintsho kwinto oyityayo okanye oyiselayo xa kukho iingxaki zokuginya
• Ukwenza utshintsho ejikeleze ikhaya ukuthintela ukuwa
• Oonontlalontle okanye ezinye iinkonzo zokucebisa ukukunceda ukumelana nesi sifo kwaye ufumane uncedo
• Vitamin D okanye ezinye izongezo (thetha nomboneleli wakho kuqala)
• Izindlela ezincedisayo kunye nezinye, ezinje nge-acupuncture okanye i-cannabis, ukunceda kwiingxaki zemisipha
• Izixhobo zomqolo zinokunciphisa iintlungu kunye nokuqaqamba kwemilenze

Ukuhlala ne-MS kunokuba ngumceli mngeni. Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso yeMS. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Iziphumo ziyahluka, kwaye kunzima ukuqikelela.Nangona esi sifo siphila ixesha elide (esinganyangekiyo) kwaye asinyangeki, ubude bexesha lokuphila buqhelekile okanye buqheleke. Uninzi lwabantu abane-MS bayasebenza kwaye bayasebenza emsebenzini benokukhubazeka okuncinci.

Abo bahlala benembono entle ngaba:

• Abafazi
• Abantu ababebancinci (abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala) ukuqala kwesi sifo
• Abantu abahlaselwa rhoqo
• Abantu abanemodeli yokubuyela umva kwakhona
• Abantu abanesifo esilinganiselweyo kwizifundo zokucinga

Inani lokukhubazeka nokungahambi kakuhle kuxhomekeke:

• Kukangaphi kwaye kunzima ukuhlaselwa
• Inxalenye yenkqubo ye-nervous system echaphazeleka kuhlaselo ngalunye

Uninzi lwabantu lubuyela kwisiqhelo okanye kufutshane nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo phakathi kohlaselo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kukho ukulahleka okukhulu komsebenzi kunye nokuphuculwa okuncinci phakathi kokuhlaselwa.

I-MS inokukhokelela koku kulandelayo:

• Uxinzelelo
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Kunzima ukucinga
• Ngaphantsi nangaphantsi kokukwazi ukuzikhathalela
• Imfuno yokuhlala catheter
• I-osteoporosis okanye ukunciphisa amathambo
• Izilonda zoxinzelelo
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga esi sifo
• Usulelo lomjelo womchamo

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Uphuhlisa naziphi na iimpawu ze-MS
• Iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mbi, nditsho nonyango
• Le meko iya isiba mandundu ukuya kwinqanaba xa unyango lwasekhaya lungasenakwenzeka

NKSK; Ukuphelisa isifo

• Ukunyamekela ukuxhamla kwemisipha okanye i-spasms
• Ukuqunjelwa - ukuzikhathalela
• Inkqubo yemihla ngemihla yokunakekelwa kwamathumbu
• Multiple sclerosis - ukukhutshwa
• Ukuthintela izilonda zoxinzelelo
• Ukuginya iingxaki

• Isifo sokugubhuka
• I-MRI yengqondo
• Inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-peripheral system
• I-Myelin kunye nesakhiwo se-nerve

ICalabresi PA, Multiple sclerosis kunye neemeko zedemel zenkqubo yovalo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 383.

UFabian MT, uKrieger SC, uLublin FD. I-Multiple sclerosis kunye nezinye izifo ezikhuselayo zenkqubo ye-nervous system. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 80.

URae-Grant A, uSuku lwe-GS, uMarrie RA, et al. Isikhokelo sokuziqhelanisa neengcebiso zesishwankathelo: unyango lokuguqula izifo kubantu abadala abane-multiple sclerosis: ingxelo yoPhuculo lweZikhokelo, ukuSasazwa, kunye neKomitana yokuPhumeza yeAmerican Academy of Neurology Neurology. 2018; 90 (17): 777-788. IINKCUKACHA: 29686116 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29686116.