Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi kukuphulukana nomsebenzi ngokuthe ngcembe nangokusisigxina. Oku kwenzeka ngezifo ezithile. Ichaphazela inkumbulo, ukucinga, ulwimi, ukugweba kunye nokuziphatha.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo sibangelwa luthotho lwemivumbo emincinci kangangexesha elide.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo sisizathu sesibini esixhaphakileyo kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo emva kwesifo se-Alzheimer kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo sibangelwa luthotho lwemivumbo emincinci.

• Ukubetha kukuphazamiseka ngaphakathi okanye ukuvaleka kwegazi kulo naliphi na icandelo lobuchopho. I-stroke sikwabizwa ngokuba yi-infarct. Ii-infarct ezininzi zithetha ukuba ngaphezulu kwendawo enye kwingqondo yenzakele ngenxa yokunqongophala kwegazi.
• Ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kumisiwe ixesha elide kunemizuzwana embalwa, ingqondo ayinakufumana ioksijini. Iiseli zobuchopho zinokufa, zibange umonakalo ongapheliyo.
• Xa ukubetha kuchaphazela indawo encinci, akunakubakho zimpawu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yimivumbo ethe cwaka. Ixesha elingaphezulu, njengoko uninzi lweendawo zobuchopho zonakalisiwe, iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ziyavela.
• Ayisiyiyo yonke imivumbo ethe cwaka. Imivumbo emikhulu echaphazela amandla, imvakalelo, okanye enye into ebuchotsheni kunye neenkqubo zemithambo-luvo (neurologic) inokukhokelela kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Imiba yomngcipheko kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo siquka:

• Seswekile
• Ukuqina kwemithambo (i-atherosclerosis), isifo sentliziyo
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi)
• Ukutshaya
• Ukubetha

Iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo nazo zinokubangelwa zezinye iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Esinye isifo sisifo se-Alzheimer. Iimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer zinokufana nezo ze-vascular dementia. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo kunye nesifo se-Alzheimer zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kwaye sinokubakho kunye.

Iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo sinokukhula kancinci kancinci okanye singaqhubela phambili emva kokubetha okuncinci.

Iimpawu ziqala ngokukhawuleza emva kokubetha. Abanye abantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo bangaphucuka ixesha elifutshane, kodwa banciphe emva kokubethwa yimivumbo ethe cwaka. Iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo siya kuxhomekeka kwimimandla yengqondo eyonzakeleyo ngenxa yokubetha.

Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zinokubandakanya:

• Kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi ebidla ukuza ngokulula, njengokulinganisa incwadi yokukhangela, ukudlala imidlalo (enjengebhulorho), kunye nokufunda ulwazi olutsha okanye iinkqubo
• Ukulahleka kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo
• Iingxaki zolwimi, ezinje ngengxaki yokufumana igama lezinto eziqhelekileyo
• Ukuphulukana nomdla kwizinto obukade uzonwabela, imo ethe tyaba
• Ukubeka izinto endaweni engeyiyo
• Ubuntu kunye nelahleko yezakhono zentlalo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha

Njengokuba isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo siba mandundu, iimpawu zibonakala ngakumbi kwaye amandla okuzikhathalela ayancipha. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Guqula iipateni zokulala, uhlala uvuka ebusuku
• Kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi esisiseko, njengokupheka, ukukhetha impahla efanelekileyo, okanye ukuqhuba
• Ukulibala iinkcukacha malunga neziganeko zangoku
• Ukulibala imicimbi kwimbali yakho yobomi, ukuphulukana nokuzazi ukuba ungubani
• Ukuba nokukhohlisa, ukudakumba, okanye ukuphazamiseka
• Ukuba nemibono, ukubambana, ukubetha, okanye indlela yokuziphatha enogonyamelo
• Ukuba nobunzima bokufunda okanye ukubhala
• Ukuba nesigqibo esifanelekileyo kunye nokuphulukana namandla okuqonda ingozi
• Kukusebenzisa igama elingalunganga, hayi ukubiza amagama ngokuchanekileyo, okanye ukuthetha kwizivakalisi ezididayo
• Ukurhoxa kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni

Iingxaki zenkqubo (ye-neurologic) yeengxaki ezenzeka nge-stroke nazo zinokubakho.

Uvavanyo lunokuyalelwa ukuba luncede ekuboneni ukuba ngaba ezinye iingxaki zonyango zinokubangela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo okanye zisenze mandundu, ezinje:

• Ukunqongophala kwegazi
• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Usulelo olungapheliyo
• Iziyobisi kunye namayeza ukunxila (libanda)
• Uxinzelelo olukhulu
• Isifo se-thyroid
• Ukunqongophala kweVitamin

Olunye uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ukufumana ukuba zeziphi iindawo zokucinga ezichaphazelekayo kunye nokukhokela ezinye iimvavanyo.

Uvavanyo olunokubonisa ubungqina bemivimbo yangaphambili kwingqondo inokubandakanya:

• Ukuskena iNtloko ye-CT
• I-MRI yengqondo

Akukho lunyango lokubuyisa umonakalo kwingqondo obangelwe yimivumbo emincinci.

Injongo ebalulekileyo kukulawula iimpawu kunye nokulungisa izinto ezinobungozi. Ukuthintela ukubetha okuzayo:

• Kuphephe ukutya okunamafutha. Landela ukutya okusempilweni, okunamafutha asezantsi.
• Sukusela ngaphezu kwesi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 iziselo ezinxilisayo ngosuku.
• Gcina uxinzelelo lwegazi lungaphantsi kwe-130/80 mm / Hg. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi kufuneka lube yintoni.
• Gcina i-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL ingaphantsi kwama-70 mg / dL.
• Musa ukutshaya.
• Ugqirha unokucebisa abacoci gazi, njengeasprini, ukunceda ukuthintela amahlwili egazi angene kwimithambo. Musa ukuqala ukuthatha iasprini okanye uyeke ukuyithatha ungakhange uthethe nogqirha wakho kuqala.

Iinjongo zokunceda umntu onesifo sengqondo esiyingozi ekhaya zezi:

• Lawula iingxaki zokuziphatha, ukudideka, iingxaki zokulala kunye nokuphazamiseka
• Susa iingozi zokhuseleko ekhaya
• Xhasa amalungu osapho kunye nabanye abanonopheli

Amayeza anokufuneka ukulawula ubundlongondlongo, ukuphazamiseka, okanye isimilo esiyingozi.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo se-Alzheimer awaboniswanga ukuba asebenzela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo.

Olunye uphuculo lunokwenzeka kangangexesha elifutshane, kodwa esi sifo siza kuthi rhoqo siba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iingxaki zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Imivumbo yexesha elizayo
• Isifo sentliziyo
• Ukuphulukana nokukwazi ukusebenza okanye ukuzikhathalela
• Ukuphulukana nokukwazi ukusebenzisana
• Unyumoniya, usulelo lomchamo, usulelo lolusu
• Izilonda zoxinzelelo

Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuba iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo ziyavela. Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba kukho utshintsho ngesiquphe kubume bengqondo, imvakalelo, okanye intshukumo. Ezi ziimpawu zongxamiseko zesifo.

Iimeko zolawulo ezonyusa umngcipheko wokuqina kwemithambo (atherosclerosis) ngu:

• Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Ukulawula ubunzima
• Ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zecuba
• Ukunciphisa amafutha kunye netyuwa ekutyeni
• Ukunyanga iingxaki ezinxulumene noko

PHAKATHI; Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi - multi-infarct; Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo - emva kokubetha; Ukuwohloka kwengqondo okuninzi; Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo; I-VaD; Ingqondo engapheliyo - i-vascular; Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuthobekileyo - imithambo; I-MCI - imithambo; Isifo seBinswanger

• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi-yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho

• Inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-peripheral system
• Ingqondo
• Ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yovalo
• Ulwakhiwo lobuchopho

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I-Knopman DS. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 374.

UPeterson R, uGraff-Radford J. Isifo i-Alzheimer kunye nezinye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: isahluko 95.

I-Seshadri S, i-Economos A, i-Wright C. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ku: Grotta JC, Albers GW, Broderick JP okqhubekayo, eds. Stroke: IPathophysiology, uDiagnosis, kunye noLawulo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 17.