Ithumba lobuchopho bemetastatic

Ithumba lobuchwephesha bomhlaza ngumhlaza oqale kwelinye ilungu lomzimba kwaye uye wanwenwela kwingqondo.

Iintlobo ezininzi zethumba okanye zomhlaza zinokusasazeka ziye kwingqondo. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Umhlaza wemiphunga
• Umhlaza webele
• Melanoma
• Umhlaza wezintso
• Umhlaza wamathumbu
• Ileukemia

Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza kunqabile ukuba zinwenwele kwingqondo, njengomhlaza wedlala lobudoda. Kwezinye iimeko, ithumba linokusasazeka kwingqondo lisuka kwindawo engaziwayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza kwiziprayimari ezingaziwayo (CUP).

Ukukhula kwamathumba engqondo kunokubeka uxinzelelo kwiindawo ezikufuphi zobuchopho. Ukudumba kobuchopho ngenxa yezi tumors nako kubangela ukwanda koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kolukakayi.

Amathumba ebongo asasazekayo ahlelwa ngokusekwe kwindawo yethumba kwingqondo, uhlobo lwethishu ebandakanyekayo, kunye nendawo yoqobo yethumba.

Izidumbu zobuchopho zemetastatic zenzeka malunga nesinye kwisine (25%) yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezisasazeka emzimbeni. Zixhaphake kakhulu kwizicubu zengqondo (amathumba aqala kwingqondo).

Iimpawu zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuncipha kokulungelelanisa, ukungabinamali, ukuwa
• Ukugula ngokubanzi okanye ukudinwa
• Intloko, entsha okanye ebukhali ngakumbi kunesiqhelo
• Ukuphulukana nenkumbulo, ukugweba okungalunganga, ubunzima ekusombululeni iingxaki
• Ubudenge, ukubetha, iintlungu, kunye nolunye utshintsho kwimvakalelo
• Ubuntu buyatshintsha
• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lweemvakalelo okanye isimilo esingaqhelekanga
• Ukuhlutha okutsha
• Iingxaki ngentetho
• Umbono utshintsho, umbono ophindwe kabini, umbono owehlileyo
• Ukuphalaza, ngaphandle kwesicaphucaphu
• Ubuthathaka bendawo yomzimba

Iimpawu ezithile ziyahluka. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeentlobo ezininzi zamathumba obuchopho be-metastatic zibangelwa kukunyuka koxinzelelo kwingqondo.

Uvavanyo lunokubonisa ubuchopho kunye notshintsho lwenkqubo ngokusekwe kwindawo apho ithumba likhona kwingqondo. Iimpawu zoxinzelelo olwandileyo kukhakhayi ziqhelekile. Amanye amathumba akanakho ukubonisa iimpawu de abe makhulu kakhulu. Emva koko, banokubangela ukwehla okukhawulezileyo ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Ithumba lokuqala (elisisiseko) linokufunyanwa ngokuvavanya izicwili zethumba ezivela kwingqondo.

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• I-Mammogram, i-CT ihlola isifuba, isisu, kunye ne-pelvis ukufumana indawo yokuqala ye-tumor
• I-CT scan okanye i-MRI yengqondo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kunye nokuchonga indawo ye-tumor (i-MRI ihlala ibuthathaka ngakumbi ekufumaneni izicubu kwingqondo)
• Uvavanyo lwethishu esuswe kwi-tumor ngexesha lotyando okanye i-CT scan- okanye i-biopsy ekhokelwa yi-MRI ukuqinisekisa uhlobo lwethumba
• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar (impompo yomqolo)

Unyango luxhomekeke:

• Ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwethumba
• Indawo emzimbeni apho isasazeka khona
• Impilo yomntu ngokubanzi

Iinjongo zonyango kunokuba kukunciphisa iimpawu, ukuphucula ukusebenza, okanye ukunika intuthuzelo.

Unyango olupheleleyo lobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha (WBRT) luhlala lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga amathumba asasazeke kwingqondo, ngakumbi ukuba kukho amathumba amaninzi, kwaye notyando ayisiyonto ilungileyo.

Utyando lunokusetyenziswa xa kukho ithumba elinye kwaye umhlaza unganwenwanga kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Amanye amathumba asuswe ngokupheleleyo. Izidumbu ezinzulu okanye ezandayo kwizicubu zobuchopho zinokuncitshiswa ngokobungakanani (debulked).

Utyando lunokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu kwimeko apho ithumba lingenakususwa.

I-Chemotherapy ye-metastatic tumors yobuchopho ihlala ingekhoyo njengotyando okanye i-radiation. Ezinye iintlobo zamathumba, nangona kunjalo, ziyaphendula kwi-chemotherapy.

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) inokusetyenziswa. Olu hlobo lonyango lwe-radiation lujolise kumandla aphezulu e-x-reyi kwindawo encinci yengqondo. Isetyenziswa xa kukho kuphela amathumba e-metastatic.

Amayeza eempawu zethumba lobuchopho zibandakanya:

• I-Anticonvulsants efana ne-phenytoin okanye i-levetiracetam ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela ukubanjwa
• ICorticosteroids enjenge-dexamethasone yokunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo
• I-Osmotic diuretics efana ne-hypertonic saline okanye i-mannitol ukunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo
• Amayeza entlungu

Xa umhlaza usasazekile, unyango lunokugxila ekupheliseni iintlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngunonophelo okanye inkathalo exhasayo.

Amanyathelo okuthuthuzela, amanyathelo okhuseleko, unyango lomzimba, unyango lomsebenzi, kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango zinokuphucula umgangatho wobomi wesigulana. Abanye abantu banokufuna ingcebiso yezomthetho ukubanceda ukuba benze isalathiso kwangaphambili kunye namandla egqwetha lokhathalelo lwempilo.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Kubantu abaninzi abane-metastatic tumors yobuchopho, umhlaza awunyangeki. Iya kuthi ekugqibeleni isasazeke nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ukuxela kwangaphambili kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba kunye nendlela ephendula ngayo kunyango.

Iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangela zibandakanya:

• Ubunzima beBongo (obulalayo)
• Ukuphulukana nokukwazi ukusebenza okanye ukuzikhathalela
• Ukuphulukana nokukwazi ukusebenzisana
• Unomphelo, ukulahleka okukhulu kwenkqubo ye-nervous system iba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba uhlakulela intloko eqhubekayo eqhubekayo entsha okanye eyahlukileyo kuwe.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ngesiquphe uyonqena okanye utshintsha umbono, okanye ukukhubazeka ekuthetheni, okanye ukuxhuzula okutsha okanye okungafaniyo.

Ithumba lobuchopho - imastastatic (yesibini); Umhlaza- ithumba lobuchopho (metastatic)

• Imitha yobuchopho-ukukhutshwa
• Utyando lobuchopho-ukukhutshwa
• Unyango ngemitha- imibuzo oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho

• Ingqondo
• I-MRI yengqondo

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UDorsey JF, uSalinas RD, uDang M, et al. Umhlaza we-nervous system. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 63.

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Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwabadala kunyango lwamathumba (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/ult-brain-kunyanga-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 22, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoFebruwari 12, 2020.

U-Olson JJ, uKalkanis SN, uRyken TC. I-Congress ye-Neurological Surgeons Ukuphononongwa ngokuCwangcisiweyo kunye nezikhokelo ezisekwe kubungqina kunyango lwabantu abadala abane-metastatic brain tumors: isishwankathelo sesigqeba. Utyando. Ngo-2019; 84 (3): 550-552. I-PMID 30629218 ipapashwe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30629218/.

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