Umzimba

Ukungabikho komzimba kuyimpendulo yomzimba okanye ukuphendula kwizinto eziqhelekileyo aziyingozi.

Izidlo emzimbeni ziqhelekile. Zombini izakhi zofuzo kunye nokusingqongileyo kudlala indima. Ukuba bobabini abazali bakho baneengxaki zomzimba, kukho ithuba lokuba nawe unazo.

Amajoni omzimba ahlala ekhusela umzimba kwizinto ezinobungozi, ezinjengeentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane. Ikwajongana nezinto zangaphandle ezibizwa ngokuba zii-allergen. Ezi zihlala zingenabungozi kwaye uninzi lwabantu alubangeli ngxaki.

Emntwini onezinto ezaliwa komzimba, impendulo yomzimba iyakhathazeka. Xa ibona ukungabikho komzimba, amajoni omzimba aqala impendulo. Iikhemikhali ezinje ngee histamines ziyakhutshwa. Ezi khemikhali zibangela iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba.

Izifo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Iziyobisi
• Uthuli
• Ukutya
• Ityhefu yezinambuzane
• Umngundo
• Isilwanyana sasekhaya kunye nezinye izilwanyana
• Umungu

Abanye abantu baneempembelelo ezifana ne-allergies kumaqondo ashushu okanye abandayo, ukukhanya kwelanga, okanye ezinye izinto ezibangela okusingqongileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukukhuhlana (ukurabha okanye ukubetha isikhumba) kuya kubangela iimpawu.

Ukugula komzimba kunokwenza iimeko ezithile zonyango, ezinjengeengxaki zesinus, i-eczema, kunye ne-asthma, ngakumbi.

Ubukhulu becala, icandelo lomzimba elichukumisayo xa lifika emzimbeni lichaphazela iimpawu oziphuhlisayo. Umzekelo:

• Izilwelwe oziphefumlayo zihlala zibangela impumlo egudileyo, impumlo erhawuzelayo kunye nomqala, umchamo, ukukhwehlela kunye nokufutha.
• Izinto ezinobungozi ezithinta amehlo zingabangela ukurhawuzelela, amanzi, abomvu, namehlo adumbileyo.
• Ukutya into onomdla kuyo kunokubangela isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, iintlungu zesisu, ukuxinana, urhudo, okanye impendulo eyoyikisayo.
• Izifo ezichaphazela ulusu zinokubangela irhashalala, urhwaphilizo, ukurhawuzelela, iblisters okanye isikhumba.
• Ukwelashwa kweziyobisi kuhlala kubandakanya umzimba uphela kwaye kunokukhokelela kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-allergies inokubangela impendulo ebandakanya umzimba uphela.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze imibuzo, njengaxa kwenzeka ukungabikho komzimba.

Ukuvavanywa kokungafuneki komzimba kunokufuneka ukuze kufunyanwe ukuba ngaba iimpawu azikho komzimba okanye zibangelwa zezinye iingxaki. Umzekelo, ukutya ukutya okungcolileyo (ukutya okunetyhefu) kunokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo nezidlo. Amanye amayeza (anjenge-aspirin kunye ne-ampicillin) anokuvelisa izinto ezingahambisi komzimba, kubandakanya irhashalala. Impumlo egudileyo okanye ukukhwehlela kunokuba ngenxa yosulelo.

Ukuvavanywa kolusu yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuvavanywa komzimba:

• Uvavanyo lwe-prick lubandakanya ukubeka inani elincinci lezinto ezikrokrelwayo ezibanga ukungabikho komzimba kulusu, emva koko uthinte kancinci loo ndawo ukuze into ihambe phantsi kolusu. Ulusu lujongwa ngononophelo ziimpawu zempendulo, ezibandakanya ukudumba nobomvu.
• Uvavanyo lwe-intradermal lubandakanya ukujoba isixa esincinci se-allergen phantsi kolusu lwakho, emva koko ujonge ulusu ukuba luphendule.
• Zombini iimvavanyo ezi-prick kunye ne-intradermal zifundwa imizuzu eyi-15 emva kokufakwa kuvavanyo.
• Uvavanyo lwepatch lubandakanya ukubeka isiziba kunye ne-allergen ekrokrelwayo kulusu lwakho. Ulusu ke lujongwa ngononophelo kwiimpawu zokuphendula. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuqaphela ukungabikho komzimba. Ihlala ifundwa iiyure ezingama-48 ukuya kwezingama-72 emva kokufakwa kuvavanyo.

Ugqirha unokujonga kwakhona indlela ophendula ngayo xa ushushu, ubanda, okanye ukhuthaza umzimba wakho kwaye ujonge impendulo.

Uvavanyo lwegazi olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• I-Immunoglobulin E (IgE), elinganisa amanqanaba ezinto ezinxulumene nokungezwani komzimba
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (i-CBC) ngexa kwenziwa ubalo lweeseli ezimhlophe ze-eosinophil

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha usenokukuxelela ukuba uphephe izinto ezithile ukuze ubone ukuba uyaphila na, okanye usebenzise izinto ozikrokrelayo ukubona ukuba uziva usiba mbi na. Oku kubizwa "ukusetyenziswa okanye uvavanyo lokususa." Oku kuhlala kusetyenziselwa ukukhangela ukutya okanye amayeza i-aleji.

Iziphumo ezibi kakhulu (i-anaphylaxis) kufuneka zinyangwe ngamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-epinephrine. Inokusindisa ubomi xa inikwa kwangoko. Ukuba usebenzisa i-epinephrine, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo uze uye ngqo esibhedlele.

Eyona ndlela yokunciphisa iimpawu kukuthintela ukuba yintoni ebangela ukwaliwa komzimba. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kukutya kunye neziyobisi.

Kukho iindidi ezininzi zamayeza okuthintela nokunyanga ukwaliwa komzimba. Leliphi iyeza elinconyelwa ngugqirha wakho kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobukhali beempawu zakho, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo iyonke.

Izifo ezibangelwa kukungabikho komzimba (njenge-asthma, hay fever, kunye ne-eczema) zingadinga ezinye iindlela zonyango.

Amayeza anokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-allergies abandakanya:

IINKCUKACHA

Ii-antihistamines ziyafumaneka ekhawuntareni nangemigqaliselo. Zifumaneka ngeendlela ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• Iipilisi kunye neepilisi
• Amehlo wamehlo
• Inaliti
• Ulwelo
• Ukutshiza ngeempumlo

ICORTICOSTEROIDS

La ngamayeza alwa nokudumba. Zifumaneka ngeendlela ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• Izithambiso kunye namafutha elusu
• Amehlo wamehlo
• Ukutshiza ngeempumlo
• Inhaler yemiphunga
• Iipilisi
• Inaliti

Abantu abaneempawu ezibi kakhulu banokuchazwa iipilisi ze-corticosteroid okanye inaliti ixesha elifutshane.

ABAQESHWA

Ama-Decongestants anceda ukukhulula impumlo exineneyo. Sukusebenzisa isitshizi sempumlo esinegunya elingaphezulu kweentsuku ezininzi kuba zinokubangela isiphumo sokuphinda wenze ukubambeka ngakumbi. Izinto zokunciphisa izinto kwifom yeepilisi ayibangeli le ngxaki. Abantu abanexinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, iingxaki zentliziyo, okanye ukwandiswa kweprotate kufuneka basebenzise ii-decongestants ngononophelo.

AMANYE AMAYEZA

I-leukotriene inhibitors ngamayeza athintela izinto ezibangela ukwaliwa. Abantu abane-asthma kunye ne-aleji yangaphakathi nangaphandle banokumiselwa la mayeza.

UKUQHUTYELWA KWE-ALERGY

Ngamanye amaxesha kunconywa ukuba awukwazi ukuphepha i-allergen kwaye iimpawu zakho zinzima ukulawula. Ukuhlaselwa komzimba kubangela ukuba umzimba wakho ungasabeli kwi-allergen. Uya kufumana inaliti rhoqo ye-allergen. Idosi nganye inkulu kancinci kunedosi yokugqibela de kufike idosi ephezulu. Olu shoti alusebenzi kuwo wonke umntu kwaye kuya kufuneka undwendwele ugqirha rhoqo.

UNYANGO LOKUSETYENZISWA KOKUSETYENZISWA KOKUSETYENZISWA KWEZIMALI (SLIT)

Endaweni yokuqhushumba, amayeza abekwe phantsi kolwimi anokunceda ingca, i-ragweed kunye nothuli lwe-allergies.

Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba ngaba kukho isifo sombefu kunye namaqela axhasayo kwindawo yakho.

Uninzi lwee-aleji lunokunyangwa ngokulula ngamayeza.

Abanye abantwana banokungabikho komzimba, ngakumbi ukutya kokutya. Kodwa nje ukuba into ibangele ukungabikho komzimba, ihlala iqhubeka ichaphazela umntu.

I-Allergy shots iyasebenza kakhulu xa isetyenziselwa ukunyanga umkhuhlane we-hay kunye ne-insect sting allergies. Azisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-aleji yokutya ngenxa yengozi yokusabela ngokuqatha.

Ukudubula komzimba kungadinga iminyaka yonyango, kodwa kuyasebenza kwiimeko ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, banokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga (ezinje ngemingxunya kunye nerhashalala) kunye neziphumo eziyingozi (ezinjenge-anaphylaxis). Thetha nomboneleli wakho ukuba ngaba i-allergies (SLIT) ilungile kuwe.

Iingxaki ezinokubangelwa kukungabikho komzimba okanye unyango lwabo zibandakanya:

• I-Anaphylaxis (esongela ubomi)
• Iingxaki zokuphefumla kunye nokungonwabi ngexesha lokuphendula okungafunekiyo
• Ukozela kunye nezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza

Biza ixesha lokubonana nomboneleli wakho ukuba:

• Iimpawu kakhulu komzimba
• Unyango lwe-allergies alusasebenzi

Ukuncancisa kunganceda ukuthintela okanye kunciphise i-allergies xa usondla abantwana ngale ndlela kuphela iinyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6. Nangona kunjalo, ukutshintsha ukutya kukamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngelixa ukuncancisa akubonakali kunceda ukuthintela ukwaliwa.

Kubantwana abaninzi, ukutshintsha ukutya okanye ukusebenzisa iifomula ezizodwa kubonakala ngathi kuthintela ukwaliwa. Ukuba umzali, umntakwethu, udade, okanye elinye ilungu losapho linembali ye-eczema kunye ne-allergies, thetha ngokondla nogqirha womntwana wakho.

Kukwakho nobungqina bokuba ukubhencwa kwizifo ezithile (ezinje ngothuli kunye nekati dander) kunyaka wokuqala wobomi kunokuthintela ukwaliwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "hypothesis yezempilo." Kwavela ekuqwalaseleni ukuba iintsana ezifama zivame ukuba nezinto ezimbalwa emzimbeni kunalezo zikhula kwindawo ezingenabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abadala ababonakali ngathi bayaxhamla.

Nje ukuba i-allergies ivelile, ukunyanga i-allergies kunye nokuthintela ngononophelo izinto ezinokubangela ukungabikho komzimba kungathintela ukusabela kwixa elizayo.

Somzimba - komzimba; Ukungavumi komzimba (allergies)

• I-allerginal rhinitis - ukuba ubuze ntoni kugqirha wakho - umntu omdala
• I-allergen rhinitis - yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha -mntwana wakho
• Isifo sombefu - iziyobisi ezikhawulezayo

• Ukunyanga komzimba
• Iimpawu zomzimba
• Kukhutshwa imbali
• Isingeniso kunyango lokungezwani komzimba
• Imihlathi (urticaria) engalweni
• Imihlathi (urticaria) esifubeni
• Umzimba
• Iintsholongwane

I-Chiriac AM, i-Bousquet J, i-Demoly P. Kwiindlela ze-vivo zesifundo kunye nokuchongwa kokungabikho komzimba. Ku: IBurks AW, iHolgate ST, u-O'Hehir RE, uBroide DH, et al, ii-eds. I-Middleton's Allergy: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 67.

ICustovic A, Tovey E.Ulawulo lwe-Allergen lothintelo kunye nolawulo lwezifo ezichasayo. Ku: IBurks AW, iHolgate ST, u-O'Hehir RE, uBroide DH, et al, ii-eds. I-Middleton's Allergy: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 84.

INadeau KC. Indlela isigulane kunye komzimba okanye isifo immunologic. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 235.

I-Wallace DV, i-Dykewicz MS, i-Oppenheimer J, iPortnoy JM, iLang DM. Unyango lwe-Pharmacologic ye-allergen rhinitis yamaxesha athile: i-synopsis yesikhokelo esivela kwiqela elidibeneyo le-2017 kwiiparameter zokuziqhelanisa. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2017; 167 (12): 876-881. IINKCUKACHA: 29181536 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29181536/.