Ukuphazamiseka komzimba

Ukuphazamiseka komzimba kufuneka xa impendulo yomzimba yomzimba incitshisiwe okanye ingekho.

Amajoni omzimba akhiwa ziithishu ze-lymphoid emzimbeni, ezibandakanya:

• Ummongo wethambo
• Ithumba
• Icandelo lepeni kunye nephepha lesisu
• Thymus
• Iitoni

Iiproteni kunye neeseli ezisegazini ziyinxalenye yesistim somzimba.

Amajoni omzimba anceda ukukhusela umzimba kwizinto ezinobungozi ezibizwa ngokuba ziiantigen. Imizekelo yeantigen ibandakanya ibhaktiriya, intsholongwane, ityhefu, iiseli zomhlaza, igazi langaphandle okanye izicwili zomnye umntu okanye iintlobo.

Xa amajoni omzimba efumanisa i-antigen, ayaphendula ngokuvelisa iiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba ngamachiza omzimba ezitshabalalisa izinto eziyingozi. Impendulo yamajoni omzimba ikwabandakanya inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-phagocytosis. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, iiseli ezithile ezimhlophe ziginya kwaye zitshabalalise iintsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle. Iiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba zincedisa kule nkqubo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwintsholongwane emzimbeni kunokuchaphazela naliphi na icandelo lamajoni omzimba. Rhoqo, ezi meko zenzeka xa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-T okanye ii-lymphocyte (okanye zombini) azisebenzi ngesiqhelo okanye umzimba wakho awuvelisi izilwa-buhlungu ezaneleyo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwilifa lokuchaphazeleka komzimba okuchaphazela iiseli ze-B kubandakanya:

• Hypogammaglobulinemia, ekhokelela kusulelo lokuphefumla nolwesisu
• I-Agammaglobulinemia, ekhokelela kusulelo olomeleleyo kwasekuqaleni ebomini, kwaye ihlala ibulala

Ukuphazamiseka kwilifa lokuchaphazeleka komzimba okuchaphazela iiseli ze-T kunokubangela ukosulelwa nguCandida (igwele). I-immunodeficiency edibeneyo njengelifa ichaphazela iiseli ze-T kunye neeseli ze-B. Kungabulala phakathi konyaka wokuqala wobomi ukuba ayinyangwa kwangethuba.

Abantu kuthiwe bayagonyamela xa benesifo se-immunodeficiency ngenxa yamayeza atyhafaza amajoni omzimba (njenge-corticosteroids). Ukunyanzeliswa kwamajoni omzimba kukwayimpembelelo yecala lokunyanga umhlaza.

Ukufumana i-immunodeficiency kunokuba yingxaki yezifo ezinjenge-HIV / AIDS kunye nokungondleki (ngakumbi ukuba umntu akatyi ngokwaneleyo). Uninzi lomhlaza lunokubangela nokungabikho komzimba.

Abantu abaye basuswa udakada bafumana i-immunodeficiency, kwaye basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa ziibhaktheriya ezithile udakada oluqhele ukunceda ukulwa. Abantu abanesifo seswekile basemngciphekweni omkhulu wosulelo oluthile.

Njengokuba usiya ukhula, amajoni omzimba aqala ukusebenza. Izicubu ze-immune system (ngakumbi izicubu ze-lymphoid ezinjenge-thymus) ziyancipha, kwaye inani kunye nomsebenzi weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ziyehla.

Ezi meko zilandelayo kunye nezifo zingakhokelela kukuphazamiseka komzimba:

• Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Zalisa iintsilelo
• Isifo seDiGeorge
• Hypogammaglobulinemia
• Isifo sikaJob
• Iziphene zokubambelela kwiLeukocyte
• I-Agammaglobulinemia
• Isifo seWiskott-Aldrich

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokucinga ukuba une-immunodeficiency disorder ukuba unayo:

• Usulelo oluhlala lubuya okanye lungapheli
• Usulelo olomeleleyo kwiibhaktheriya okanye ezinye iintsholongwane ezingakhange zibangele ukosuleleka kakhulu

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Impendulo engalunganga kunyango losulelo
• Ukulibaziseka okanye ukungaphelelanga kokugula
• Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza (njengeKaposi sarcoma okanye engekho iHodgkin lymphoma)
• Usulelo oluthile (kubandakanya ezinye iintlobo zenyumoniya okanye usulelo oluphindaphindiweyo lwegwele)

Iimpawu zixhomekeke kwisifo. Umzekelo, abo banamanqanaba anciphileyo e-IgA adityaniswe namanqanaba asezantsi e-IgG subclasss kunokwenzeka ukuba babeneengxaki ezibandakanya imiphunga, iisono, iindlebe, umqala, kunye nokugaya ukutya.

Uvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo se-immunodeficiency disorder sinokubandakanya:

• Gcwalisa amanqanaba egazini, okanye ezinye iimvavanyo ukulinganisa izinto ezikhutshwe ngamajoni omzimba
• Uvavanyo lwe-HIV
• Amanqanaba e-Immunoglobulin egazini
• Iprotein electrophoresis (igazi okanye umchamo)
• T (thymus etholwe) ubalo lwe-lymphocyte
• Inani leeseli ezimhlophe

Injongo yonyango kukuthintela usulelo kunye nokunyanga nasiphi na isifo kunye nosulelo oluthi lukhule.

Ukuba amajoni omzimba abuthathaka, kufuneka uphephe ukunxibelelana nabantu abanezifo ezosulelayo okanye ezosulelayo. Kuya kufuneka ubaphephe abantu abagonywe izitofu zentsholongwane ephilayo kwezi veki zimbini zidlulileyo.

Ukuba uvelisa usulelo, umboneleli wakho uya kukuphatha gadalala. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye okubulala intsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo ukuba lungabuyi.

I-Interferon isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zentsholongwane kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Liyeza elenza amajoni omzimba asebenze ngcono.

Abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo / noGawulayo banokuthatha indibaniselwano yamachiza ukunciphisa inani le-HIV kumajoni abo omzimba kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwabo.

Abantu abaza kususa udakada olucwangcisiweyo kufuneka bagonywe iiveki ezi-2 ngaphambi kotyando ngokuchasene neebhaktheriya ezinje IStreptococcus pneumonia kwaye Haemophilus influenzae. Abantu abangakhange bagonywe ngaphambili okanye abangenawo amajoni omzimba afanelekileyo kufuneka bafumane i-MMR, kunye namayeza okugonya irhashalala. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu bafumane uthotho lokuthintela i-DTaP okanye i-booster shot njengoko kufuneka.

Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo kunokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezithile zokuchaphazeleka komzimba.

Ukungakhuseleki (ukufumana izilwa-buhlungu eziveliswa ngomnye umntu okanye isilwanyana) ngamanye amaxesha kunokucetyiswa ukuthintela ukugula emva kokuba uve kwiintsholongwane ezithile.

Abantu abanamanqanaba asezantsi okanye angekhoyo ee-immunoglobulins ezithile banokuncedwa nge-intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), enikezelwa ngomthambo.

Ezinye iingxaki zokungasebenzi kakuhle komzimba zibuthathaka kwaye zibangela ukugula amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ezinye zinzima kwaye zinokubulala. Uxinzelelo lwamajoni omzimba olubangelwa ngamayeza luhlala luphela lakuba liyekile iyeza.

Iingxaki zokuphazamiseka komzimba kwi-immune zingabandakanya:

• Ukugula rhoqo okanye okuqhubekayo
• Umngcipheko owandisiweyo womhlaza othile okanye amathumba
• Ukwanda komngcipheko wosulelo

Biza umnikezeli wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ukwichemotherapy okanye i-corticosteroids kwaye uyaphuhlisa:

• Umkhuhlane we-100.5 ° F (38 ° C) okanye ngaphezulu
• Ukukhohlela kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane
• Intlungu yesisu
• Ezinye iimpawu ezintsha

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo yakho (enje nge-911) ukuba unentamo elukhuni kunye nentloko enefiva.

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba uphindaphinde usulelo lwegwele okanye i-thrush yomlomo.

Akukho ndlela yaziwayo yokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwilifa. Ukuba unembali yosapho yokuphazamiseka komzimba, unokufuna ukucebisa ngemfuza.

Ukuziqhelanisa nokwabelana ngesondo okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthintela ukwabelana ngolwelo lomzimba kunokunceda ukuthintela i-HIV / AIDS. Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba ngaba iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yiTruvada lilungile kuwe ukuthintela usulelo lwe-HIV.

Isondlo esifanelekileyo sinokuthintela ukungafumaneki komzimba okubangelwa kukungondleki.

Uxinzelelo lwe-immune; Uxinzelelo lwe-immune - ukungasebenzi komzimba; Uxinzelelo lwe-immune - ukungasebenzi komzimba; Hypogammaglobulinemia - immunodeficiency; Agammaglobulinemia - immunodeficiency

• Iintsholongwane

UAbbas AK, uLichtman AH, uPillai S. Congenital kunye nokufumana amandla okuzikhusela. Ku: Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S, ii-eds. Iseli kunye neMolekyuli Immunology. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 21.

UBonanni P, uGrazzini M, uNiccolai G, et al. Ukugonywa okucetyiswayo kwizigulana zabantu abadala ze-asplenic kunye ne-hyposplenic. Hum Vaccin Ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-2017; 13 (2): 359-368. IINKCUKACHA: 27929751 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929751/.

ICunningham-Rundles C. Izifo zokuqala zokungasebenzi komzimba. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 236.