Ukwahlukana neziyobisi

Ukaliwa komzimba ziziyobisi liqela leempawu ezibangelwa kukungavisisani neziyobisi (iyeza).

Ukwahlukana neziyobisi kubandakanya ukuphendula komzimba kumzimba ovelisa ukungahambi kakuhle kumayeza.

Ukuqala kwakho ukuthatha iyeza, akunakuba nangxaki. Kodwa, amajoni omzimba wakho anokuvelisa into echasene nelo chiza. Ngexesha elizayo xa uthatha iyeza, i-antibody inokuxelela iiseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi ukuba zenze umchiza obizwa ngokuba yi-histamine. Iimbali kunye nezinye iikhemikhali zenza iimpawu zakho zokungabikho komzimba.

Iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo ezibangela ukungabikho komzimba zibandakanya:

• Iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuxhuzula
• I-insulin (ngakumbi imithombo yezilwanyana ye-insulin)
• Izinto eziqukethe iodine, ezinje nge-ray ye-x-ray eyahlukileyo (ezi zinokubangela iimpendulo ezinje ngokungezwani komzimba)
• I-penicillin kunye ne-antibiotics ehambelana nayo
• Iziyobisi zeSulfa

Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azibangelwa kukungabikho komzimba okubangelwa kukwenziwa kwee-antibodies ze-IgE. Umzekelo, iasprini inokubangela isifuba okanye isifuba ngaphandle kokubandakanya amajoni omzimba. Abantu abaninzi bayabhida into engathandekiyo, kodwa engathandekiyo, isiphumo seyeza (esifana nesicaphucaphu) kunye nonyango lweziyobisi.

Uninzi lweziyobisi ezibangelwa kukwalana neziyobisi zibangela irhashalala yolusu kunye nemingxunya. Ezi mpawu zinokwenzeka kwangoko okanye kwiiyure emva kokufumana ichiza. Ukugula kwe-serum luhlobo lokulibaziseka kwempendulo eyenzeka ngeveki okanye nangaphezulu emva kokuba uveze iyeza okanye iyeza lokugonya.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokungabikho kweziyobisi ziquka:

• Imihlathi
• Ukubamba kwesikhumba okanye kwamehlo (okuqhelekileyo)
• Ukukhawuleza kolusu (okuqhelekileyo)
• Ukudumba kwemilebe, ulwimi, okanye ubuso
• Ukukhawuleza

Iimpawu ze-anaphylaxis zibandakanya:

• Iintlungu zesisu okanye ukubamba
• Ukudideka
• Urhudo
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngelizwi elijikelezayo okanye elirhabaxa
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ukudinwa, ukungabi nentloko
• Imihlathi ngamalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba
• Isicaphucaphu, ukugabha
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza
• Imvakalelo yokuziva ukubetha kwentliziyo (ukubetha kwentliziyo)

Uviwo lunokubonisa:

• Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi
• Imihlathi
• Irhashalala
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilebe, ubuso, okanye ulwimi (angioedema)
• Ukukhawuleza

Ukuvavanywa kolusu kunokunceda ekuchongeni ukungabikho komzimba kumayeza ohlobo lweepenicillin. Akukho lusu lolungileyo okanye uvavanyo lwegazi ukunceda ukufumanisa ezinye iziyobisi.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinjengezinto ezingekho mva komzimba emva kokuthatha iyeza okanye ukufumana umahluko (idayi) ngaphambi kokufumana i-x-ray, umboneleli wakho wezempilo uhlala ekuxelela ukuba obu bubungqina bokungabikho kweziyobisi. Awudingi kuvavanywa ngakumbi.

Injongo yonyango kukhulula iimpawu kunye nokuthintela ukusabela okunzima.

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• I-Antihistamines yokunciphisa iimpawu ezinje njengokukhawuleza, urticaria kunye nokurhawuzelela
• Iibronchodilators ezinje ngealbuterol ukunciphisa isifo esifana nesifo sombefu (ukuvutha kancinci okanye ukukhwehlela)
• ICorticosteroids ifakwe kulusu, inikwa ngomlomo, okanye inikezwe ngomthambo (ngaphakathi)
• Epinephrine ngenaliti ukunyanga i-anaphylaxis

Iyeza elikhubekisayo kunye neziyobisi ezifanayo kufuneka zithintelwe. Qiniseka ukuba bonke ababoneleli-bakho kubandakanya oogqirha bamazinyo kunye nabasebenzi basesibhedlele-bayazi malunga naziphi na iziyobisi ezibangelwa kukwalana neziyobisi wena okanye abantwana bakho.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ipenicillin (okanye esinye isiyobisi) i-allergies iyayiphendula imeko yokungafuneki. Olu nyango lubandakanya ukunikwa iidosi ezincinci ekuqaleni, kulandelwe idosi enkulu kunye nenkulu yeyeza ukuphucula ukunyamezeleka kwesiyobisi. Le nkqubo kufuneka yenziwe kuphela yi-allergist, xa kungekho ndlela yimbi unokuthatha ngayo.

Uninzi lwee-aleji zamayeza luphendula kunyango. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, kunokukhokelela kwisifo se-asthma, i-anaphylaxis, okanye ukufa.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba uthatha iyeza kwaye ubonakala ngathi unokusabela kulo.

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye uphuhlise ezinye iimpawu zesifo sombefu okanye i-anaphylaxis. Ezi ziimeko zongxamiseko.

Ngokubanzi akukho ndlela yakuthintela ukungezwani neziyobisi.

Ukuba unengxaki yokwaliwa ngamachiza, ukuphepha ichiza yeyona ndlela ingcono yokuthintela ukusabela komzimba. Unokuxelelwa ukuba uphephe amayeza afanayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, umboneleli unokuvuma ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezibangela ukwaliwa xa uqala ukunyangwa ngamayeza acothisa okanye athintela ukuphendula komzimba. Oku kubandakanya i-corticosteroids (enje nge-prednisone) kunye ne-antihistamines. Sukuzama oku ngaphandle kolawulo lomnikezeli. Ukunyanga kwangaphambili kunye ne-corticosteroids kunye ne-antihistamines kubonisiwe ukuthintela ukungabikho komzimba kubantu abafuna ukufumana idayi eyahlukileyo ye-x-ray.

Umboneleli wakho unokucebisa ngokungafuneki.

Ukwaliwa komzimba - iziyobisi (amayeza); Hypersensitivity iziyobisi; Amayeza hypersensitivity

• I-Anaphylaxis
• Imihlathi
• Ukunyanga komzimba kunyango
• Dermatitis - uqhakamshelwano
• Dermatitis - pustular unxibelelwano
• Irhashalala iziyobisi - Tegretol
• Ukuqhuma kweziyobisi okungapheliyo
• Ukuqhuma kweziyobisi okungagungqiyo - inkunzi
• Ukuqhuma kweziyobisi esidleleni
• Irhashalala iziyobisi ngasemva
• Iintsholongwane

IBarkdale AN, uMuelleman RL. Allergy, hypersensitivity, kunye ne-anaphylaxis. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 109.

Igrama LC. Ukwahlukana neziyobisi. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 239.

USolensky R, uPhillips EJ. Ukwahlukana neziyobisi. Ku: IBurks AW, iHolgate ST, u-O'Hehir RE, et al, ii-eds. I-Middleton's Allergy: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 77.