Ukugula kweSerum

Ukugula kweSerum kukusabela okufanayo nokungezwani komzimba. Amajoni omzimba ayasabela kumayeza aneeproteni ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga imeko yomzimba. Inokusabela nakwi-antiserum, ulwelo lwegazi olunezilwi-ntsholongwane ezinikwe umntu ukubanceda bazikhusele kwiintsholongwane okanye kwityhefu.

IPlasma yinxalenye yegazi ecacileyo. Ayinazo iiseli zegazi. Kodwa iqulethe iiproteni ezininzi, kubandakanya izilwa-buhlungu, ezenziwa njengenxalenye yempendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwizifo.

I-Antiserum iveliswa kwi-plasma yomntu okanye yesilwanyana enokuzikhusela kwisifo okanye into enetyhefu. I-Antiserum ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela umntu oye wachaphazeleka kwintsholongwane okanye ityhefu. Umzekelo, unokufumana uhlobo oluthile lwenaliti ye-antiserum:

• Ukuba ukhe wafunyanwa sisifo sokuqina kwemihlathi okanye umgada kwaye awuzange ugonyelwe ezi ntsholongwane. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukugonya.
• Ukuba uye walunywa yinyoka evelisa ityhefu eyingozi.

Ngexesha lokugula kwe-serum, amajoni omzimba achaza ubuxoki kwiproteni kwi-antiserum njengezinto eziyingozi (i-antigen). Iziphumo zempendulo yamajoni omzimba ahlasela i-antiserum. Izinto ze-immune system kunye ne-antiserum ziyadibana zenze izakhiwo ze-immune, ezibangela iimpawu zokugula kwe-serum.

Amayeza athile (njengepenicillin, cefaclor, kunye nesulfa) anokubangela impendulo efanayo.

Iiproteni ezijoyiweyo ezinje nge-antithymocyte globulin (esetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukwala ukufakelwa komzimba) kunye ne-rituximab (esetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka komzimba kunye nomhlaza) kunokubangela ukusabela kokugula kwe-serum.

Iimveliso zegazi zinokubangela ukugula kweserum.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto ezibangelwa kukwalana neziyobisi, ezithi zenzeke kwakamsinya emva kokufumana iyeza, isifo se-serum sikhula kwiintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-21 emva kokuvezwa okokuqala ngamayeza. Abanye abantu bakhulisa iimpawu kwiintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 ukuba sele bechazekile kwiyeza.

Iimpawu zokugula kwe-serum zinokubandakanya:

• Ifiva
• Imvakalelo yokugula ngokubanzi
• Imihlathi
• Ukurhawuzelela
• Intlungu edibeneyo
• Irhashalala
• I-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo ukuze ajonge ii-lymph node ezandisiweyo kunye nethenda ekubanjweni.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lomchamo
• Uvavanyo lwegazi

Amayeza, anjenge-corticosteroids, asetyenziswa eluswini anokuthomalalisa ukungonwabi kurhawuzelelo kunye nerhashalala.

I-Antihistamines inokunciphisa ubude bokugula kwaye incede ekunciphiseni ukukhawuleza kunye nokubamba.

Izidakamizwa ezichasayo ezichasayo (i-NSAID), ezifana ne-ibuprofen okanye i-naproxen, inokunciphisa intlungu edibeneyo. I-Corticosteroids ethathwe ngomlomo inokumiselwa kwiimeko ezinzima.

Iyeza elibangele ingxaki kufuneka limiswe. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa elo yeza okanye i-antiserum kwixa elizayo.

Iimpawu zihlala ziphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.

Ukuba usebenzisa ichiza okanye i-antiserum ebangele ukugula kwe-serum kwakhona kwixa elizayo, umngcipheko wokuba nenye impendulo efanayo uphezulu.

Iingxaki zibandakanya:

• Ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi
• Ukudumba kobuso, iingalo, kunye nemilenze (angioedema)

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba ufumene amayeza okanye i-antiserum kwezi veki zine zidlulileyo kwaye uneempawu zokugula kweserum.

Akukho ndlela yaziwayo yokuthintela ukukhula kwesifo se-serum.

Abantu abanesifo se-serum okanye i-allergies yeziyobisi kufuneka bakuphephe ukusebenzisa i-antiserum okanye iziyobisi kwixa elizayo.

Ukwahlukana neziyobisi - ukugula kwe-serum; Uguquko - ukugula serum; Ukungezwani komzimba - isifo se-serum

• Iintsholongwane

UFrank MM, uHester CG. Izakhiwo zomzimba kunye nezifo ezichasayo. Ku: IBurks AW, iHolgate ST, u-O'Hehir RE, et al, ii-eds. I-Middleton's Allergy: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 37.

UNowak-Wegrzyn A, uSicherer SH. Ukugula kweSerum. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 175.