Uvavanyo lomhlaza webele

Ukuhlolwa komhlaza webele kunokunceda ufumane umhlaza webele kwangoko, ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele naziphi na iimpawu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukufumana umhlaza webele kwangethuba kwenza kube lula ukunyanga okanye ukunyanga. Kodwa ukuvavanywa kukwanomngcipheko, njengokulahleka kweempawu zomhlaza. Ukuqala nini ukuhlolwa kunokuxhomekeka kubudala bakho kunye nemingcipheko.

I-mammogram lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokuhlola. YiX-reyi yebele esebenzisa umatshini okhethekileyo. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa esibhedlele okanye ekliniki kwaye luthatha nje imizuzwana embalwa. Iimammograms zinokufumana amathumba amancinci kakhulu ukuba angaviwa.

Imammografi iyenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe abasetyhini ukuba bafumane umhlaza webele kwangoko xa kunokwenzeka ukuba inyangeke. Imammografi iyacetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba:

• Abasetyhini baqala kwiminyaka engama-40 ubudala, baphinda yonke iminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-2. (Oku akucetyiswa yiyo yonke imibutho yeengcali.)
• Bonke abantu basetyhini baqala kwiminyaka yobudala engama-50, baphinda yonke iminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-2.
• Abasetyhini abanomama okanye udade owayenomhlaza wamabele esemncinci kufuneka baqwalasele i-mammograms yonyaka. Kuya kufuneka baqale kwangoko kuneminyaka apho kwafunyanwa elona lungu lincinci losapho.

Iimammograms zisebenza kakuhle ekufumaneni umhlaza wamabele kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-74. Kwabasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, ukuhlolwa kungaluncedo, kodwa kunokuphosa eminye imihlaza. Oku kunokuba kungenxa yokuba abasetyhini abancinci banezicubu zesisu ezixineneyo, ezenza kube nzima ukubona umhlaza. Akucaci ukuba ii-mammograms zisebenza kakuhle kangakanani ekufumaneni umhlaza kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-75 nangaphezulu.

Olu luvavanyo lokuziva amabele kunye neengalo zangaphantsi zamaqhuma okanye utshintsho olungaqhelekanga. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo angenza uvavanyo lwebele lweklinikhi (i-CBE). Unokujonga amabele akho ngokwakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuzihlola ngokwakho ibele (BSE). Ukwenza iimviwo zokuzihlola kunokukunceda ukuba uqhelane ngakumbi namabele akho. Oku kunokwenza kube lula ukuqaphela utshintsho lwebele olungaqhelekanga.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba iimviwo zebele aziwunciphisi umngcipheko wokufa ngumhlaza webele. Kananjalo azisebenzi kunye neemammograms ukufumana umhlaza. Ngesi sizathu, akufuneki uxhomekeke kuphela kwiimviwo zebele ukukhusela umhlaza.

Ayizizo zonke iingcali ezivumayo malunga nokuba kufuneka nini okanye uqale nini kuvavanyo lwebele. Ngapha koko, amanye amaqela awacebisi kwaphela. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba awufanelekanga ukuba wenze okanye uvavanye amabele. Abanye abantu basetyhini bakhetha ukuba neemviwo.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nezibonelelo kunye nemingcipheko yeemviwo zamabele kwaye ukuba zikulungele na.

I-MRI isebenzisa iimagnethi ezinamandla kunye namaza erediyo ukufumana iimpawu zomhlaza. Olu hlolo lwenziwa kuphela kwabasetyhini abanomngcipheko omkhulu womhlaza wamabele.

Abasetyhini abasemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wamabele (ngaphezulu kwama-20% ukuya kuma-25% emngciphekweni wobomi bonke) kufuneka babe ne-MRI kunye ne-mammogram minyaka le. Unokuba nomngcipheko omkhulu ukuba unayo:

• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wamabele, ubukhulu becala xa umama okanye udade wakho wayenomhlaza webele esemncinci
• Umngcipheko wobomi bomhlaza wamabele yi-20% ukuya kwi-25% okanye ngaphezulu
• Utshintsho oluthile lwe-BRCA, nokuba uphethe lo mmakishi okanye isihlobo sokuqala senza kwaye awuvavanywanga
• Izihlobo zokuqala ezinesidanga se-syndromes zemfuza (i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, iCowden kunye neBannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromes)

Akucaci ukuba i-MRIs isebenza kakuhle kangakanani ukufumana umhlaza webele. Nangona ii-MRIs zifumana umhlaza wamabele ngaphezu kweemammograms, kunokwenzeka ukuba zibonise iimpawu zomhlaza xa kungekho mhlaza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba sisiphumo esingeyonyani. Kubafazi abanomhlaza kwisifuba esinye, ii-MRIs zinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni izicubu ezifihliweyo kwelinye ibele. Kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwe-MRI ukuba:

• Ngaba basemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wamabele (abo banembali yosapho eyomeleleyo okanye uphawu lwofuzo lomhlaza wamabele)
• Yiba nezicubu zamabele ezixineneyo

Ufanele ukuwenza nini kwaye kangaphi uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwebele. Amaqela eengcali ahlukeneyo awavumelani ngokupheleleyo kwelona xesha lilungileyo lokujonga.

Ngaphambi kokuba ube ne-mammogram, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga neenzuzo kunye neengxaki. Buza malunga:

• Umngcipheko womhlaza webele.
• Nokuba ukuvavanywa kunciphisa ithuba lakho lokufa ngumhlaza wamabele.
• Nokuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo ekuhlolweni komhlaza webele, njengemiphumela emibi kuvavanyo okanye kunyango lomhlaza xa ifunyenwe.

Iingozi zovavanyo zinokubandakanya:

• Iziphumo eziqinisekileyo zobuxoki. Oku kwenzeka xa uvavanyo lubonisa umhlaza xa ungekho. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni kuvavanyo oluninzi olunobungozi. Inokubangela nexhala. Unokuba nakho ukufumana isiphumo esingeyonyani ukuba umncinci, unembali yosapho yomhlaza webele, une-biopsies yamabele ngaphambili, okanye uthathe iihomoni.
• Iziphumo ezingezizo zobuxoki. Olu luvavanyo olubuya luqhelekile nangona kukho umhlaza. Abasetyhini abaneziphumo ezingezizo zobuxoki abazi ukuba banomhlaza wamabele kunye nokulibaziseka kunyango.
• Ukubonakaliswa kwimitha yinto ebangela umngcipheko kumhlaza wamabele. Iimammograms ziveza amabele akho kwimitha.
• Ukugqithisa. IiMammograms kunye nee-MRIs zisenokufumana umhlaza okhula kancinci. Le mihlaza inganganciphisi ubomi bakho. Ngeli xesha, akunakwenzeka ukuba wazi ukuba yeyiphi imihlaza eya kukhula kwaye isasazeke, ke xa umhlaza ufunyenwe uhlala unyangwa. Unyango lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu.

Mammogram - ukuhlolwa komhlaza webele; Uvavanyo lwebele - uvavanyo lomhlaza webele; Ukuvavanywa komhlaza webele kwi-MRI

UHenry NL, u-Shah PD, uHaider I, uFreer PE, uJagsi R, uSabel MS. Umhlaza webele. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 88.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Uvavanyo lomhlaza webele (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-screening-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa kuka-Agasti 27, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 24, 2020.

Siu AL; IiNkonzo zoThintelo ze-US. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wamabele: I-US Preventive Services Task Force statement. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2016; 164 (4): 279-296. IINKCUKACHA: 26757170 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26757170/.

• Umhlaza webele
• Imigrafi