Umongo wethambo (isiqu seseli) umnikelo

Umongo wethambo sisithambo esithambileyo esinamafutha ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho. Umongo wethambo uqulethe iiseli ezi-stem, ezingazifanelanga iiseli eziba ziiseli zegazi.

Abantu abanezifo ezisongela ubomi, ezinjenge-leukemia, i-lymphoma, kunye ne-myeloma banokunyangwa ngokufakwa komongo wethambo. Oku ngoku kubizwa ngokuba kukufakwa kweseli. Olu hlobo lonyango, umongo wethambo uqokelelwa kumnikeli. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu banokunikela ngomongo wethambo labo.

Umnikelo womongo wethambo ungenziwa nokuba kukuqokelela umnkantsha wethambo, okanye ngokususa iiseli zeziqu kwigazi lomnikeli.

Zimbini iintlobo zomnikelo womongo wethambo:

• Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo u-Autologous kuxa abantu benikela ngomongo wethambo labo. "Ukuzenzekelayo" kuthetha ukuzimela.
• Utshintsho lomongo wethambo lweAllogenic kuxa omnye umntu enikela ngomongo wethambo. "Allo" lithetha enye.

Ngokufakelwa kwe-allogenic, ufuzo lomnikeli kufuneka ngokuyinxenye ludibanise imfuza yomamkeli. Umzalwana okanye udade kunokwenzeka ukuba abe ngumdlalo ofanelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha abazali, abantwana kunye nezinye izalamane ziyimidlalo efanelekileyo. Kodwa kuphela malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 zabantu abafuna ukufakelwa umongo wethambo abanokufumana umnikeli ofanayo kwiintsapho zabo.

Iipesenti ezingama-70 zabantu abangenaso isihlobo esifanelana kakuhle banokufumana enye kwirejista yomongo wethambo. Eyona inkulu ibizwa ngokuba nguMdlalo (bethematch.org). Ibhalisa abantu abanomdla wokunikela ngomongo wethambo kwaye bagcine ulwazi lwabo kwiziko ledatha. Oogqirha banokusebenzisa irejista ukufumana umnikeli ofanayo kumntu ofuna ukufakelwa umongo wethambo.

Ungayijoyina njani iRegistry yeMarrow Marrow

Ukudweliswa kwirejista yomrhumo womongo wethambo, umntu kufuneka:

• Phakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nama-60 ubudala
• Usempilweni kwaye ungakhulelwa

Abantu banokubhalisa kwi-Intanethi okanye kwindawo yokubhalisa yabanikeli bengingqi. Abo baphakathi kweminyaka engama-45 ukuya kuma-60 kufuneka bajoyine i-intanethi. Abaqhubi bendawo, ngaphakathi-ngaphakathi bamkela kuphela abanikeli abancinci kuneminyaka yobudala engama-45. Iiseli zabo ezinesiqu kunokwenzeka ukuba zincede izigulana kuneeseli ezinabantu abadala.

Abantu ababhalisayo kufuneka:

• Sebenzisa i-swab yomqhaphu ukuthatha isampulu yeeseli ezivela ngaphakathi esidleleni
• Nika isampuli yegazi encinci (icephe elingu-1 okanye iimililitha ezili-15)

Iiseli okanye igazi liza kuvavanywa kwiiproteni ezizodwa, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antigen leukocytes antigen (HLA). Ii-HLAs zinceda inkqubo yakho yokulwa nosulelo (amajoni omzimba) uxelele umahluko phakathi kwezicubu zomzimba kunye nezinto ezingezizo ezomzimba wakho.

Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo kusebenza kakuhle ukuba ii-HLAs ezivela kumnikeli kunye nesigulana ziyafana. Ukuba ii-HLAs zomnikeli ziyahambelana kakuhle nomntu ofuna ukufakelwa, umnikeli kufuneka anike isampulu yegazi entsha ukuqinisekisa umdlalo. Emva koko, umcebisi udibana nomnikeli ukuze axoxe ngenkqubo yokunikezelwa komongo wethambo.

Iiseli zeziqu zabanikeli zinokuqokelelwa ngeendlela ezimbini.

Ingqokelela yegazi yokuqokelelwa kweseli. Uninzi lweeseli ezinikelayo ziqokelelwa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yileukapheresis.

• Okokuqala, umnikeli unikwa iintsuku ezi-5 zokudubula ukunceda ukuhambisa iiseli zisuka kumongo wethambo uye egazini.
• Ngexesha lokuqokelelwa, igazi liyasuswa kulowo unikeleyo ngomgca osethilini (IV). Inxalenye yeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi eziqulethe iiseli zeziqu emva koko zahlulwa kumatshini zisuswe ukuze kamva zinikwe ummkeli.
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibuyiselwa kumnikeli nge-IV kwenye ingalo.

Le nkqubo ithatha malunga neeyure ezi-3. Iziphumo ziquka:

• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Amathambo abuhlungu
• Ukuphazamiseka kwiinaliti ezingalweni

Ukuvunwa komongo wethambo. Olu tyando luncinci lwenziwa phantsi kweanesthesia ngokubanzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umnikeli uya kuba elele kwaye engenazintlungu ngexesha lenkqubo. Umongo wethambo ususwe ngasemva kwamathambo akho e-pelvic. Inkqubo ithatha malunga neyure.

Emva kokuvunwa komongo wethambo, umnikeli uhlala esibhedlele de bavuke ngokupheleleyo kwaye batye basele. Iziphumo ziquka:

• Isicaphucaphu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukudinwa
• Ukuqunjelwa okanye ukungonwabi kumqolo osezantsi

Ungaqhubeka nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo kwiveki.

Zimbalwa kakhulu iingozi kumnikeli kwaye akukho ziphumo zempilo zihlala zihleli. Umzimba wakho uya kuthatha indawo yomongo wethambo onikelweyo malunga neeveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6.

Ukufakelwa kwe-cell stem - umnikelo; Umxube weAllogeneic; I-leukemia - umnikelo womongo wethambo; I-Lymphoma-umnikelo womongo wethambo; UMyeloma - umnikelo womongo wethambo

Umbutho waseMelika woMhlaza. Ukufakelwa kweseli kwintsholongwane yomhlaza. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatment-and-side-effects/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant.html. Kufunyenwe ngoNovemba 3, 2020.

Ukufakelwa kweseli kwe-hematopoietic cell. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ii-eds.I-Hematology: Imigaqo esisiseko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2018: isahluko 106.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Ukufakelwa kwegazi kwi-stem cell. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant/stem-cell-fact-sheet. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-12 ka-Agasti ka-2013. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 3, 2020.

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