Unyango lomhlaza

Ukuba unomdlavuza, ugqirha wakho uya kuncomela enye okanye ngaphezulu iindlela zokunyanga esi sifo. Olona nyango luqhelekileyo lutyando, ichemotherapy, kunye nemitha. Olunye ukhetho lubandakanya unyango ekujoliswe kulo, unyango lwe-immunotherapy, i-laser, unyango lwehomoni, kunye nabanye. Nalu ushwankathelo lonyango olwahlukileyo lomhlaza kunye nendlela abasebenza ngayo.

Ugqirha

Utyando lonyango oluqhelekileyo kwiindidi ezininzi zomhlaza. Ngexesha lotyando, ugqirha wotyando ukhupha ubunzima beeseli ezinomhlaza (ithumba) kunye nezinye izihlunu ezikufutshane. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwenziwa utyando ukukhupha iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibangelwa lithumba.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy ibhekisa kwiziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Amachiza anokunikezwa ngomlomo okanye kwisitya segazi (IV). Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamachiza zinokunikwa kunye ngexesha elinye okanye enye emva kwenye.

Imitha

Unyango lwe-radiation lusebenzisa ii-x-reyi, amasuntswana, okanye imbewu ene-radioactive ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Iiseli zomhlaza zikhula zize zahlule ngokukhawuleza kuneeseli eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokuba i-radiation iyingozi kakhulu kwiiseli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, unyango lwemitha lonakalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngaphezu kweeseli eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuthintela iiseli zomhlaza ekubeni zikhule kwaye zahlule, kwaye zikhokelele ekufeni kweseli.

Ezi ndidi zimbini ziphambili zonyango lwe-radiation zezi:

• Umqadi wangaphandle. Le yeyona fomu iqhelekileyo. Ijolise i-x-ray okanye amasuntswana kwi-tumor evela ngaphandle komzimba.
• Umqadi lwangaphakathi. Le fomu ihambisa imitha emzimbeni wakho. Inokunikezwa ngembewu eqhumayo ebekwe ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nethumba; ulwelo okanye ipilisi oyiginyeyo; okanye ngomthambo (ngaphakathi, okanye IV).

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lisebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda umhlaza ekukhuleni nasekusasazeni. Ikwenza oku kungonzakalisi kangako kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunezinye iindlela zonyango.

I-chemotherapy esemgangathweni isebenza ngokubulala iiseli zomhlaza kunye nezinye iiseli eziqhelekileyo. Iithagethi zonyango ekujoliswe kuzo kwiithagethi ezithile (iimolekyuli) kwiiseli zomhlaza. Ezi njongo zidlala indima kwindlela iiseli zomhlaza ezikhula kwaye zisinde ngayo. Sebenzisa oku kujoliswe kuko, iyeza likhubaza iiseli zomhlaza ukuze zingabinako ukusasazeka.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lusebenza ngeendlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo. Banoku:

• Cima inkqubo kwiiseli zomhlaza ezibangela ukuba zikhule kwaye zisasazeke
• Yenza iiseli zomhlaza zife zodwa
• Bulala iiseli zomhlaza ngokuthe ngqo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lunikezelwa njengepilisi okanye i-IV.

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy luhlobo lonyango lomhlaza oluxhomekeke kumandla omzimba wokulwa usulelo (amajoni omzimba). Isebenzisa izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba okanye elebhu ukunceda amajoni omzimba asebenze nzima okanye ngendlela ethe ngqo ekulweni nomhlaza. Oku kunceda umzimba wakho ukuba ulahle iiseli zomhlaza.

I-Immunotherapy isebenza ngu:

• Ukuyekisa okanye ukuthothisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza
• Ukuthintela umhlaza ekusasazekeni kwamanye amalungu omzimba
• Ukunyusa amandla omzimba wokukhusela iiseli zomhlaza

La machiza ayilelwe ukukhangela kunye nokuhlasela iinxalenye ezithile zeseli yomhlaza. Abanye banetyhefu okanye izinto ezinemitha yeathomathi. I-Immunotherapy inikwa yi-IV.

Unyango lweHormonal

Unyango lweHormone lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza oxhonywe zihomoni, ezinje ngesifuba, iprostate, kunye nomhlaza we-ovari. Isebenzisa utyando, okanye iziyobisi ukumisa okanye ukuvimba iihomoni zendalo zomzimba. Oku kunceda ukucothisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Utyando lubandakanya ukususa amalungu enza iihormoni: ii-ovari okanye ii-testes. Amachiza anikezwa ngenaliti okanye njengeepilisi.

IHyperthermia

IHyperthermia isebenzisa ubushushu ukonakalisa nokubulala iiseli zomhlaza ngaphandle kokonakalisa iiseli eziqhelekileyo.

Inokusetyenziselwa:

• Indawo encinci yeeseli, ezinjenge-tumor
• Amalungu omzimba, afana nelungu okanye ilungu
• Umzimba wonke

Ubushushu buhanjiswa buvela kumatshini ongaphandle komzimba okanye ngenaliti okanye iprobe ebekwe kwi-tumor.

Unyango lweLaser

Unyango lweLaser lusebenzisa isibane esimxinwa kakhulu sokukhanya ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango lwe-Laser lungasetyenziselwa:

• Ukutshabalalisa amathumba kunye nokukhula kwangaphambili
• Nciphisa izicubu ezithintela isisu, ikholoni, okanye i-esophagus
• Nceda unyango lweempawu zomhlaza, njengokuphuma kwegazi
• Ukutywina ukuphela kwentliziyo emva kotyando ukunciphisa iintlungu
• Ukutywina iimpahla ze-lymph emva kotyando ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokugcina iiseli zesisu zisasazeke

Unyango lwe-Laser luhlala lunikezelwa ngombhobho omncinci, okhanyisiweyo obekwe ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Imicu emincinci ekupheleni kwebhubhu iqondisa ukukhanya kwiiseli zomhlaza. I-Lasers ikwasetyenziswa kulusu.

I-Lasers zihlala zisetyenziswa kunye nezinye iintlobo zonyango lomhlaza njenge-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy.

Unyango lwePhotodynamic

Unyango lwe-photodynamic, umntu ufumana isiyobisi esinovakalelo kuhlobo oluthile lokukhanya. Iyeza lihlala kwiiseli zomhlaza ixesha elide kunokuba lihlala kwiiseli ezisempilweni. Emva koko, ugqirha uyalela ukukhanya kwi-laser okanye komnye umthombo kwiiseli zomhlaza. Ukukhanya kuguqula iyeza libe yinto ebulala iiseli zomhlaza.

ICryotherapy

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-cryosurgery, olu nyango lusebenzisa igesi ebanda kakhulu ukubanda nokubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa ukunyanga iiseli ezinokuthi zijike zibe ngumhlaza (obizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezinomhlaza ngaphambili) kulusu okanye kumlomo wesibeleko, umzekelo. Oogqirha banokusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo ukuhambisa i-cryotherapy kwizilonda ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ezinjengesibindi okanye iprotrate.

Umbutho waseMelika woMhlaza. Unyango kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatment-and-side-effects.html. Ifunyenwe ngoNovemba 11, 2019.

UDoroshow JH. Sondela kwisigulana esinomhlaza. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 169.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Iindidi zonyango lomhlaza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types. Ifunyenwe ngoNovemba 11, 2019.

• Umhlaza