Yintoni umhlaza wamathambo (ithambo), iimpawu, isifo kunye nohlobo

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Zithini iindidi
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Umhlaza wethambo sisifo esivela kwiiseli ezingaqhelekanga eziveliswa kwithishu yethambo okanye inokuvela kwiiseli zomhlaza kwamanye amalungu, anjengesifuba, imiphunga kunye nedlala lobudoda, elibonakalisa imastastasis. Zininzi iintlobo zomhlaza wamathambo, kodwa iimpawu zihlala zifana, kwaye kunokubakho iintlungu kunye nokudumba kumalungu kunye nokuqhekeka rhoqo kwaye kulula ukwenzeka, okwaziwa njengokwaphuka kwezifo.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngugqirha wamazinyo okanye i-oncologist ngokusebenzisa iimviwo ezinjenge-X-ray, i-resonance yamagnetic, i-computed tomography, i-pet scan kunye ne-bone biopsy. Unyango lomhlaza wamathambo lunokwenziwa ngekhemotherapy, unyango ngemitha okanye utyando, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani, uhlobo kunye nendawo yethumba.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wethambo zibandakanya:

• Intlungu yethambo: Ngokwesiqhelo iintlungu azihlali zikhona ekuqaleni, kodwa zinokuba qatha ebusuku okanye xa kushukunyiswa imilenze, njengaxa uhamba;
• Ukudumba kwamalungu: i-nodule inokuvela kumalungu, inyuse iintlungu kunye nokungonwabi, ngakumbi emadolweni nakwiingqiniba;
• Amathambo aphuka ngokulula: Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo kunokubakho, kulapho amathambo aqhekeka ngokulula ngenxa yokuthamba okubangelwa lithumba, ukuqhekeka kwe-femur okanye umqolo kuxhaphake kakhulu.

Ukongeza kule miqondiso yomhlaza, ithumba linokukhokelela ekunciphiseni umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nomkhuhlane ongapheliyo. Kwimeko apho umhlaza usasazeka kwamanye amalungu, njengomphunga umzekelo, unokubangela ezinye iimpawu ezithile, ezinje ngokuphefumla nzima.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Xa ugqirha ekrokrela ukwenzakala kwethambo, unoku-odola i-X-reyi, njengoko iX-reyi ingabonisa isiphako kwithambo okanye kwizicwili ezikufutshane, ezinje ngezihlunu namanqatha. Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha unokuyalela i-X-ray yesifuba ukuvavanya ukuba umhlaza okwithambo unwenwele na emiphungeni, kodwa ke kuphela xa isifo siqinisekisiwe.

Ukubonwa kwemagnetic resonance luvavanyo olubonakaliswa ngcono ngugqirha ukuqinisekisa umhlaza wethambo kunye nokuchaza ubungakanani kunye nobungakanani besisu, kodwa ikhomputha ye-tomography kunye nokutshekishwa kwezilwanyana zasekhaya kunokucetyiswa, njengoko zinokubonisa ukuba ezinye iindawo emzimbeni ezichaphazelekayo sesi sifo. Ukongeza, i-biopsy yethambo yenziwa ngokudibeneyo kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zokucinga, njengoko ibonisa uhlobo lweeseli ezingaqhelekanga ezibangela umhlaza wamathambo.

Zithini iindidi

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza emathanjeni, ngokuxhomekeke kwinxalenye yethambo, izicubu kunye nohlobo lweseli olwenza ithumba, njenge:

• Osteosarcoma: luhlobo oluvela kwiiseli ezinoxanduva lokwakheka kwamathambo, kwaye lwenzeka ikakhulu emathanjeni eengalo, emilenzeni kunye nasesinqeni, sixhaphake kakhulu kwiqela leminyaka phakathi kweminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-30;
• IChondrosarcoma: iqala kwiiseli ze-cartilage, ngumhlaza wesibini oqhelekileyo wamathambo kwaye unqabile kubantu abangaphantsi kwe-20;
• I-sarcoma ka-Ewing: inokubonakala ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo, inqabile kubantu abadala ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 kwaye iindawo ezichaphazelekayo ngamathambo engingqi ye-pelvic kunye namathambo amade emilenze neengalo;
• I-histiocytoma enobungozi: olu hlobo lomhlaza wamathambo luqala kwimigudu kunye neethoni ezikufutshane namathambo, zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala;
• Fibrosarcoma: ikwaluhlobo lomhlaza wamathambo ophuma kwizicwili ezithambileyo, ezaziwa ngokuba yimisipha kunye neethoni;
• Ithumba leseli enkulu: inokuba yinto enobungozi okanye enobungozi kwaye ihlala ichaphazela indawo yedolo;
• Chordoma: ikhula rhoqo kubantu abadala ngaphezulu kwe-30 kwaye ifikelele emathanjeni okakayi kunye nomqolo.

Ukongeza, umhlaza wamathambo awusoloko uqala kwiiseli zethambo, zihlala zivela ngenxa yesifo se-metastasis somhlaza osele uqhubekile welinye ilungu, njengesifuba, iprotate kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga, umzekelo. Qonda ukuba yeyiphi imastastase kunye nendlela yokuchonga.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lomhlaza wamathambo luboniswa yi-oncologist kwaye luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba, ubungakanani kunye nendawo ekuyo, kunye ne-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, utyando lokususa ithumba elihlala libonakalisiwe.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, kufuneka unqunyulwe umlenze ochaphazelekayo, ukugcina, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ubuninzi bokusebenza kwayo okanye kuxhomekeke kwimeko, i-endoprosthesis ingenziwa, eyi-prosthesis esebenza ukubuyisela ithambo elisusiweyo .

Nangona kunjalo, xa umhlaza wamathambo ukwinqanaba eliphambili kakhulu, eliqhele ukwenzeka xa olu hlobo lomhlaza luyi-metastasis, olona nyango luxhaphakileyo lubizwa ngokuba kukhathalelo lokuthomalalisa, olwenziwa ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wobomi bomntu, ngenjongo yokunciphisa iintlungu, ngamayeza e-analgesic, kunye nokuphazamiseka okubangelwa ziimpawu zomhlaza.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nonyango lomhlaza wamathambo.