IBronchiolitis

I-Bronchiolitis idumbile kunye ne-mucus buildup kwezona zincinci zincinci zomoya kwimiphunga (i-bronchioles). Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane.

I-Bronchiolitis ihlala ichaphazela abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2, kunye nenqanaba eliphakamileyo leenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6. Sisigulo esiqhelekileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha esibi. Ukuphefumla kwintsholongwane (RSV) sesona sizathu sixhaphakileyo. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabo bonke abantwana abasesichengeni sentsholongwane ngokuzalwa kwabo kokuqala.

Ezinye iintsholongwane ezinokubangela i-bronchiolitis zibandakanya:

• Adenovirus
• Umkhuhlane
• IParainfluenza

Intsholongwane iyasasazeka kwiintsana ngokudibana ngqo neempumlo kunye neencindi zomqala zomntu onesifo. Oku kunokwenzeka xa omnye umntwana okanye umntu omdala onegciwane:

• Ukuthimla okanye ukukhohlela kufutshane kunye namathontsi amancinci emoyeni aphefumlwa lusana
• Ukuchukumisa iithoyi okanye ezinye izinto ezithi emva koko zichukunyiswe lusana

I-Bronchiolitis yenzeka rhoqo ekwindla nasebusika kunamanye amaxesha onyaka. Sisizathu esiqhelekileyo sokuba iintsana zilaliswe esibhedlele ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Imiba yomngcipheko we-bronchiolitis ibandakanya:

• Ukuba ujikeleze umsi wecuba
• Ukuba mncinci kuneenyanga ezi-6 ubudala
• Ukuhlala kwindawo ezixineneyo
• Ukungancanciswa
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-37 zokukhulelwa

Abanye abantwana baneempawu ezimbalwa okanye ezinobulali.

I-Bronchiolitis iqala njengosulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla. Kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3, umntwana ukhula ngakumbi ekuphefumleni, kubandakanya ukuvutha kunye nokukhohlela.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini (cyanosis) - unyango olungxamisekileyo luyafuneka
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima kubandakanya ukuvutha kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane
• Khohlela
• Ukudinwa
• Ifiva
• Imisipha ejikeleze iimbambo iyatshona njengoko umntwana ezama ukuphefumla (ekuthiwa yi-intercostal retitions)
• Iimpumlo zeentsana ziye zibanzi xa ziphefumla
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza (tachypnea)

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Izandi ezibhudayo nezingxolayo zinokuviwa ngestethoscope.

Uninzi lwexesha, i-bronchiolitis inokuchongwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu kunye noviwo.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Iigesi zegazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Inkcubeko yesampulu yolwelo lwempumlo ukumisela intsholongwane ebangela esi sifo

Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo kunyango kukususa iimpawu, ezinje ngokuphefumla nzima kunye nokuvuthwa. Abanye abantwana banokufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele ukuba iingxaki zokuphefumla aziphucuki emva kokubonwa eklinikhi okanye kwigumbi likaxakeka.

Iintsholongwane azisebenzi ngokuchasene nosulelo lwentsholongwane. Amayeza anyanga iintsholongwane anokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantwana abagula kakhulu.

Ekhaya, amanyathelo okususa iimpawu anokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo:

• Cela umntwana wakho ukuba asele iziselo ezininzi. Ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo lilungile kubantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12. Iziselo ze-Electrolyte, ezinje ngePedialyte, nazo zilungile kwiintsana.
• Yenza umntwana wakho aphefumle umoya omanzi (omanzi) ukunceda ukukhulula i-mucus encangathi. Sebenzisa i-humidifier ukuthambisa umoya.
• Nika umntwana wakho ityuwa yempumlo. Emva koko sebenzisa ibhalbhu yokutsala impumlo ukunceda ukukhulula impumlo exineneyo.
• Qiniseka ukuba umntwana wakho uphumla ngokwaneleyo.

Musa ukuvumela nabani na ukuba atshaye endlwini, emotweni, okanye naphi na kufutshane nomntwana wakho. Abantwana abanengxaki yokuphefumla kusenokufuneka bahlale esibhedlele. Apho, unyango lunokubandakanya unyango lweoksijini kunye nolwelo olunikezwe ngethambo (IV).

Ukuphefumla kuhlala kubangcono ngosuku lwesithathu kwaye iimpawu zicace gca kwiveki. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, inyumoniya okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla eziqatha ziyakhula.

Abanye abantwana banokuba neengxaki zokuphefumula okanye i-asthma njengoko bekhula.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho kwangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Udinwa kakhulu
• Unombala oluhlaza okwesikhumba, iinzipho, okanye imilebe
• Iqala ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okukhulu
• Unomkhuhlane owanda ngesiquphe
• Unobunzima bokuphefumla
• Inempumlo yomlomo okanye ukubuyisa isifuba xa uzama ukuphefumla

Uninzi lweziganeko ze-bronchiolitis azinakuthintelwa kuba iintsholongwane ezibangela usulelo zixhaphakile kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukuhlamba izandla ngononophelo, ngakumbi xa ujikeleze iintsana, kunokunceda ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane.

Iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi palivizumab (Synagis) elonyusa amajoni omzimba kunokucetyiswa ngalo kubantwana abathile. Ugqirha womntwana wakho uya kukwazisa ukuba eli yeza lilungile kumntwana wakho.

Intsholongwane yokuphefumla yokuvumelanisa - i-bronchiolitis; Umkhuhlane - bronchiolitis; Ukuqhaqhazela - i-bronchiolitis

• Bronchiolitis - ukubhobhoza
• Indlela yokuphefumla xa unomoya omfutshane
• Ukhuseleko lweoksijini
• Umsele wamanzi angasemva
• Sebenzisa ioksijini ekhaya
• Sebenzisa ioksijini ekhaya-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho

• IBronchiolitis
• Imiphunga eqhelekileyo kunye nealveoli

Indlu yoMzantsi Afrika, uRalston SL. Ukuqhaqhazela, i-bronchiolitis, kunye ne-bronchitis. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 418.

URalston SL, uLieberthal AS; IAmerican Academy yezonyango lwabantwana, et al. Isikhokelo sokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi: isifo, isifo, kunye nokuthintela i-bronchiolitis. IPediatrics. Ngo-2014; 134 (5): e1474-e1502. IINKCUKACHA: 25349312 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349312.

UWalsh EE, uEnglund JA. Intsholongwane ebangela usuleleko lwamalungu okuphefumla. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 158.