Uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nezifo zamehlo

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokonakalisa imithambo yegazi kwi-retina. Iretina ngumaleko wethishu ngasemva kweliso. Itshintsha ukukhanya kunye nemifanekiso engena emehlweni kwiimpawu zemithambo-luvo ezithunyelwa kwingqondo.

Ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuba sele liphezulu kangakanani, kulindeleke ukuba umonakalo ubekho.

Unomngcipheko ophezulu wokonakaliswa kunye nokulahleka kombono xa unesifo seswekile, inqanaba eliphezulu le-cholesterol, okanye utshaya.

Rhoqo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu lukhula ngesiquphe. Nangona kunjalo, xa isenzeka, inokubangela utshintsho olukhulu esweni.

Ezinye iingxaki zeretina zisenokwenzeka, ezinje:

• Ukonakala kwimithambo-luvo esweni ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwegazi
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ehambisa igazi kwiretina
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ethwala igazi lisuse kwiretina

Uninzi lwabantu abane-retinopathy yoxinzelelo lwegazi abanazo iimpawu kude kube sekupheleni kwesi sifo.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Umbono ophindwe kabini, umbono omnyama, okanye ukulahleka kombono
• Intloko ebuhlungu

Iimpawu zequbuliso zingxamisekileyo kwezonyango. Ihlala ithetha ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luphezulu kakhulu.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kusebenzisa i-ophthalmoscope ukukhangela ukunciphisa imithambo yegazi kunye neempawu zokuba ulwelo luvukile kwimithambo yegazi.

Ubungakanani bomonakalo kwi-retina (i-retinopathy) ihlelwe kwinqanaba le-1 ukuya ku-4:

• IBakala 1: Usenokungabi nazimpawu.
• AmaBakala 2 ukuya ku-3: Kukho inani lotshintsho kwimithambo yegazi, evuzayo kwimithambo yegazi, kunye nokudumba kwezinye iindawo zeretina.
• IBakala 4: Uya kuba nokudumba kwemithambo-luvo kunye neziko elibonakalayo le-retina (macula). Oku kudumba kunokubangela ukunciphisa umbono.

Unokufuna uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lokuvavanya imithambo yegazi.

Olona nyango kuphela lwe-retinopathy ephezulu kukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Abantu abakwi-grade 4 (retinopathy) bahlala benengxaki zentliziyo nezintso ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi. Banomngcipheko ophezulu wokubetha.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-retina iya kunyanga ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lulawulwa. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abane-grade 4 retinopathy baya kuba nomonakalo ongapheliyo kwi-optic nerve okanye kwi-macula.

Fumana unyango olungxamisekileyo ukuba unoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi ngokutshintsha kombono okanye iintloko.

Uxinzelelo lwe-retinopathy

• Uxinzelelo lwe-retinopathy
• Iretina

Umrhumo PD, Brody A. Uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 74.

IRachitskaya AV. Uxinzelelo lwe-retinopathy. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahl. 6.18.

Yim-lui Cheung C, Wong TY. Uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, ii-eds. URetina kaRyan. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 52.