Ukubona ngaphambili

Ukubona ngaphambili xa ukukhanya okungena elisweni kugxilwe ngokungachanekanga. Oku kwenza ukuba izinto ezikude zibonakale zilufifi. Ukubona kwangaphambili luhlobo lwephutha lokuphikisa iso.

Ukuba ubona kude, unengxaki yokubona izinto ezikude.

Abantu bayakwazi ukubona ngenxa yokuba umphambili wenxalenye yeliso uyagoba (uyabuyisa) ukukhanya kwaye kugxile kwiretina. Oku kungaphakathi komphezulu ongasemva wamehlo.

Ukubona ngaphambili kwenzeka xa kukho ukungangqinelani phakathi kwamandla okugxila kweliso kunye nobude beliso. Imitha yokukhanya ijolise phambi kweretina, kunokuba ijonge ngqo kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, okubonayo kufiphele. Uninzi lwamandla okujonga iliso avela kwi-cornea.

Ukubona kude kuchaphazela abesilisa nabasetyhini ngokulinganayo. Abantu abanembali yosapho yokubona kufutshane kunokwenzeka ukuba bakuphuhlise. Uninzi lwamehlo ngokubona kufutshane asempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, inani elincinci labantu ababona kufutshane kakhulu bakhulisa uhlobo lokuwohloka kwamehlo.

Ubungakanani obude bokukhanya kwindalo yakho bunokuchaphazela ukukhula kwe-myopia. Uphando lwamva nje lubonisa ukuba ixesha elininzi ngaphandle linokukhokelela kwi-myopia encinci.

Umntu obona kufutshane ubona izinto ezisondeleyo ngokucacileyo, kodwa izinto ezikude ziyacimeka. Ukuqhekeza kuya kwenza ukuba kude izinto zibonakale zicacile.

Ukubona ngaphambili kuhlala kubonwa okokuqala kubantwana abakwiminyaka yesikolo okanye kulutsha. Amaxesha amaninzi abantwana abakwazi ukufunda ebhodini, kodwa banokufunda ngokulula incwadi.

Ukungaboni kakuhle kuya kusiba mandundu ngexesha lokukhula. Abantu ababona kufutshane banokufuna ukutshintsha iiglasi okanye iilensi zonxibelelwano rhoqo. Ukubona kude kuhlala kuyeka ukuqhubela phambili njengoko umntu eyeka ukukhula kwiminyaka yakhe yamashumi amabini.

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ubume bamehlo
• Intloko (engaqhelekanga)

Umntu obonayo unokufunda ngokulula itshathi yamehlo kaJaeger (itshathi yokufunda kufutshane), kodwa unengxaki yokufunda itshathi yamehlo kaSnellen (itshathi yomgama).

Uvavanyo lwamehlo ngokubanzi, okanye uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-ophthalmic lunokubandakanya:

• Imilinganiselo yoxinzelelo lwamehlo (tonometry)
• Uvavanyo lokurhoxisa, ukumisela amayeza afanelekileyo eiglasi
• Uviwo lwe-retinal
• Uvavanyo lwesibane sesilayidi sezakhiwo ngaphambili kwamehlo
• Uvavanyo lombono wombala, ukujonga umbala onokubakho wobumfama
• Uvavanyo lwezihlunu ezihambisa amehlo
• Ubukrelekrele obubonakalayo, zombini kude (Snellen), kwaye uvale (Jaeger)

Ukunxiba iiglasi zamehlo okanye iilensi zonxibelelwano kunokunceda ukutshintsha ukugxila komfanekiso wokukhanya ngqo kwi-retina. Oku kuya kuvelisa umfanekiso ocacileyo.

Utyando oluqhelekileyo ukulungisa i-myopia yi-LASIK. I-laser ye-excimer isetyenziselwa ukubumba kwakhona (tyaba) i-cornea, ishenxise ukugxila. Uhlobo olutsha lotyando olwenziwe nge-laser olubizwa ngokuba yi-SMILE (Incision Lenticule Extraction) nayo iyavunywa ukuba isetyenziswe e-U.S.

Ukuchongwa kwangoko kokubona kufutshane kubalulekile. Umntwana unokufumana ubunzima ekuhlaleni nakwimfundo ngokungakwazi ukubona kakuhle mgama.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Izilonda ze-Corneal kunye nosulelo lunokwenzeka kubantu abasebenzisa iilensi zonxibelelwano.
• Rhoqo, iingxaki zokulungiswa kombono we-laser zinokwenzeka. Oku kunokuba nzima.
• Abantu abane-myopia, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, bakhulisa i-retinal detachments okanye i-retinal degeneration.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa le miqondiso, enokubonisa ingxaki yombono:

• Ubunzima bokufunda ebhodini esikolweni okanye kwiimpawu eziseludongeni
• Ukubamba iincwadi kufutshane kakhulu xa kufundwa
• Ndihleli kufutshane nomabonakude

Fowunela ugqirha wamehlo ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ujonge kufutshane kwaye unamava eempawu ezinokubakho kwiinyembezi zamehlo okanye idiski, kubandakanya:

• Izibane ezidanyazayo
• Iindawo ezidadayo
• Ukuphulukana ngesiquphe kwalo naliphi na icandelo lendawo yombono

Kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba akukho ndlela yakuthintela ukungaboni kufutshane. Ukufunda nokubukela umabonwakude akubangeli ukuba kude kufutshane. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukuhla kwamehlo kwacetyiswa njengonyango lokucothisa ukukhula kokubona okukufuphi ebantwaneni, kodwa ezo zifundo zokuqala zazingangqinelani. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ulwazi lwakutsha nje lokuba i-eyedrops ezithile ezisasazekayo ezisetyenziselwa abantwana abathile ngexesha elifanelekileyo, zinokunciphisa inani elipheleleyo lokubona okukufutshane abaya kukhula.

Ukusetyenziswa kweiglasi okanye iilensi zoqhakamshelwano akuchaphazeli ukuqhubekeka okuqhelekileyo kwe-myopia- bajolisa nje ekukhanyeni ukuze umntu ojonge kufutshane abone ngokucacileyo izinto ezikude. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ungamiseli iiglasi okanye iilensi zonxibelelwano ezinamandla kakhulu. Iilensi zoqhakamshelwano olukhuni ngamanye amaxesha ziyakufihla ukuqhubela phambili kokubona kufutshane, kodwa umbono usaya kuba mbi "phantsi" kweelensi zonxibelelwano.

IMyopia; Ukungaboni kakuhle; Impazamo yokuchasana-ukubona kufutshane

• Uvavanyo lwe-acuity ebonakalayo
• Ngesiqhelo, ukubona kude, kunye nokubona kude
• Utyando lweliso lweLasik - uthotho

Cheng KP. Ophthalmology. Ku: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ii-eds. UZitelli no-Davis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 20.

I-Chia A, i-Chua WH, i-Wen L, i-Fong A, i-Goon YY, i-Tan D. I-Atropine kunyango lwe-myopia yobuntwana: utshintsho emva kokumisa i-atropine 0.01%, 0.1% kunye ne-0.5%. NdinguJ Ophthalmol. Ngo-2014; 157 (2): 451-457. IINKCUKACHA: 24315293 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24315293/.

I-Kanellopoulos AJ. I-LASIK ekhokelwa ngumhlaba ongaphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nokukhutshwa kwe-lenticule encinci (i-SMILE) ye-myopia kunye ne-myopic astigmatism: isifundo esingahleliwe, esiza kubakho, sokufunda ngamehlo. J Ukuphinda utyando. Ngo-2017; 33 (5): 306-312. IINKCUKACHA: 28486721 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28486721/.

U-Olitsky SE, uMarsh JD. Ukungaqhelekanga kokukhutshwa kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 638.

UTorii H, Ohnuma K, Kurihara T, Tsubota K, Negishi K.Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwe-Violet kunxulumene nokuqhubela phambili kwe-myopia kwi-myopia yabantu abadala. Inzululwazi. Ngo-2017; 7 (1): 14523. IINKCUKACHA: 29109514 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29109514/.