Ityhefu yeparaquat

IParaquat (dipyridylium) ngumbulali wokhula onetyhefu (herbicide). Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iUnited States yakhuthaza iMexico ukuba iyisebenzise ukutshabalalisa izityalo zentsangu. Emva kwexesha, uphando lubonise ukuba lo mayeza wokubulala ukhula uyingozi kubasebenzi abawufaka kwizityalo.

Eli nqaku lixoxa ngeengxaki zempilo ezinokubakho ngokuginya okanye ukuphefumla iparaquat.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu uqobo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

E-United States, i-paraquat ihlelwa "njengokusetyenziselwa umda kwezorhwebo." Abantu kufuneka bafumane ilayisensi yokusebenzisa le mveliso.

Ukuphefumla iparaquat kunokubangela ukonakala kwemiphunga kwaye kungakhokelela kwisifo ekuthiwa yiparquat lung. I-paraquat ibangela ukonakala emzimbeni xa ichukumisa ubume bomlomo, isisu, okanye amathumbu. Unokugula ukuba iparaquat ichukumisa ulusu lwakho. I-Paraquat inokonakalisa izintso, isibindi, kunye nomqala (ityhubhu ethi ukutya kwehle emlonyeni wakho ukuya kwisisu sakho).

Ukuba iparaquat iginyiwe, ukufa kunokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Ukufa kunokwenzeka emngxunyeni womqala, okanye kukudumba okukhulu kwendawo ejikeleze imithambo yegazi kunye neendlela zomoya embindini wesifuba.

Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kwiparaquat kunokubangela ukonakala kwemiphunga ebizwa ngokuba yipulmonary fibrosis. Oku kwenza ukuba kubenzima ukuphefumla.

Iimpawu zetyhefu yeparaquat zibandakanya:

• Ukutsha kunye neentlungu emqaleni
• Coma
• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Umphunga
• Ukuxhuzula
• Umothuko
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Intlungu yesisu
• Ukugabha, kubandakanya ukugabha igazi

Uya kubuzwa ukuba ubonakalisiwe kwiparaquat. Thatha isikhongozeli uhambe naso esibhedlele, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni imiqondiso yakho ebalulekileyo, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• I-Bronchoscopy (ityhubhu emlonyeni nasemqaleni) ukujonga nawuphi na umonakalo wemiphunga
• I-Endoscopy (ityhubhu emlonyeni nasemqaleni) ukujonga nawuphi na umonakalo kwisisu kunye nesisu

Akukho lunyango oluthile lonyango lweparaquat. Injongo yokunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunyanga iingxaki. Ukuba uyabhentsiswa, amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala aquka:

• Ukususa zonke iimpahla ezingcolileyo.
• Ukuba imichiza ichukumise ulusu lwakho, hlamba loo ndawo ngesepha namanzi kangangemizuzu eli-15. Sukukrwela ngamandla, kuba oko kungaphula ulusu lwakho kwaye iparaquat ingene emzimbeni wakho.
• Ukuba iparaquat ingene emehlweni akho, zihlambe ngamanzi imizuzu eli-15.
• Ukuba uye waginya iparaquat, fumana unyango ngamalahle asebenzayo ngokukhawuleza ukuze unciphise inani elifunxwe kwithumbu. Abantu abagulayo banokufuna inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemoperfusion, ethi icoca igazi ngokusebenzisa amalahle ukuzama ukususa iparaquat emiphungeni.

Esibhedlele, uya kufumana:

• Ukusebenza kwamalahle ngomlomo okanye ngetyhubhu ngempumlo ungene esiswini ukuba umntu unikezela ngoncedo ngaphakathi kweyure yokungenisa ityhefu
• Ukuxhasa ukuphefumla, kubandakanya ioksijini, ityhubhu emlonyeni ukuya emqaleni, kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (ngo-IV)
• Iyeza lokunyanga iimpawu

Isiphumo sixhomekeke ekubeni sesichengeni kangakanani. Abanye abantu banokuphuhlisa iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuphefumla kwaye bafumane ngokupheleleyo. Abanye banokuba notshintsho olusisigxina kwimiphunga yabo. Ukuba umntu uginye ityhefu, ukufa kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokhathalelo lonyango kwangoko.

Ezi ngxaki zinokubakho kwityhefu yeparaquat:

• Ukungaphumeleli kwemiphunga
• Imingxunya okanye ukutsha kwindawo yomqala
• Ukudumba kunye nosulelo kwisifuba esifubeni, sichaphazela amalungu abalulekileyo kunye nemithambo yegazi
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Ukuqhawuka kwemiphunga

Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba ubonakalisiwe kwiparaquat, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Le nombolo yesizwe iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Funda iilebheli kuzo zonke iimveliso zeekhemikhali. Sukusebenzisa nayiphi na into eneparaquat. Hlala kude neendawo ezinokusetyenziswa kuzo. Gcina zonke iityhefu kwisikhongozeli sazo sokuqala kwaye zingafikeleleki ebantwaneni.

IParquat lung

• Amaphaphu

IBlanc PD. Iimpendulo eziqinisekileyo kukuvezwa okunetyhefu. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 75.

UWelker K, uThompson TM. Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 157.