Arrhythmias

I-arrhythmia kukuphazamiseka kwenqanaba lentliziyo (ukubetha) okanye isingqisho sentliziyo. Intliziyo inokubetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu (i-tachycardia), icothe kakhulu (i-bradycardia), okanye ngokungafaniyo.

I-arrhythmia ayinabungozi, uphawu lwezinye iingxaki zentliziyo, okanye ingozi ekhawulezileyo kwimpilo yakho.

Ngokwesiqhelo, intliziyo yakho isebenza njengempompo ezisa igazi kwimiphunga nakulo lonke umzimba.

Ukukunceda oku kwenzeke, intliziyo yakho inesistim sombane esiqinisekisa ukuba senza isivumelwano (sinyanzela) ngendlela enocwangco.

• Impembelelo yombane ebonisa ukuba intliziyo yakho inesivumelwano iqala kwindawo yentliziyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-sinoatrial node (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-sinus node okanye SA node). Le yintliziyo yendalo yentliziyo yakho.
• Umqondiso ushiya i-node ye-SA kwaye uhambe ngentliziyo kwindlela esetiweyo yombane.
• Imiyalezo eyahlukeneyo yemithambo-luvo ibonisa ukuba intliziyo yakho ibetha kancinci okanye ngokukhawuleza.

I-Arrhythmias ibangelwa yingxaki yenkqubo yombane yentliziyo.

• Iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga (ezongezelelweyo) zinokwenzeka.
• Iimpawu zombane zinokuvalwa okanye zicothiswe.
• Iimpawu zombane zihamba ngeendlela ezintsha okanye ezahlukeneyo ngentliziyo.

Ezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga zezi:

• Amanqanaba angaqhelekanga e-potassium okanye ezinye izinto emzimbeni
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, okanye imisipha yentliziyo eyenzakeleyo evela kwisifo sentliziyo esidlulileyo
• Isifo sentliziyo esikhoyo ekuzalweni (kokuzalwa)
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo okanye intliziyo eyandisiweyo
• Idlala lengqula eligqithisileyo

I-Arrhythmias inokubangelwa zizinto ezithile okanye iziyobisi, kubandakanya:

• Utywala okanye iziyobisi ezikhuthazayo
• Amayeza athile
• Ukutshaya icuba (inicotine)

Ezinye zeziqhelo zentliziyo engaqhelekanga zezi:

• I-Atrial fibrillation okanye i-flutter
• I-atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT)
• Ibhloko yentliziyo okanye ibhloko ye-atrioventricular
• I-tachycardia yemithambo emininzi
• I-Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
• Isifo sesinus
• I-Ventricular fibrillation okanye i-tachycardia ye-ventricular
• Iswekile yeWolff-Parkinson-White

Xa une-arrhythmia, ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho kunokuba:

• Ukuhamba kancinci (bradycardia)
• Ngokukhawuleza (tachycardia)
• Engaqhelekanga, engalinganiyo, mhlawumbi kunye neebhithi ezongezelelweyo okanye eziqingqiweyo

I-arrhythmia inokubakho ngalo lonke ixesha okanye inokuza ihambe. Unokuba okanye ungaziva iimpawu xa i-arrhythmia ikhona. Okanye, unokuqaphela kuphela iimpawu xa usebenza ngakumbi.

Iimpawu zinokuba mnene kakhulu, okanye zinokuba nzima okanye zisongele ubomi.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokuthi zenzeke xa i-arrhythmia ikhoyo ingabandakanya:

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukufa isiqaqa
• Ubukhaphukhaphu, isiyezi
• Ubumhlophe
• Iipalpitations (ukuziva intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokungafaniyo)
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukubila

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuyimamela intliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope kwaye uve ukubetha kwakho. Uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokuba sezantsi okanye luqheleke okanye lude luphezulu ngenxa yokungonwabi.

Uvavanyo lokuqala luya kwenziwa kwi-ECG.

Izixhobo zokujonga iintliziyo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubona ingxaki yesingqisho, njenge:

• Ukubeka iliso kwiHolter (apho unxiba khona isixhobo esirekhoda kwaye sigcina isingqi sentliziyo yakho kangangeeyure ezingama-24 okanye nangaphezulu)
• Umnyhadala wokubekwa kweliso okanye orekhodayo (enxitywe iiveki ezi-2 okanye ngaphezulu, apho urekhoda khona isingqisho sentliziyo yakho xa uziva isingqi esingaqhelekanga)
• Olunye ukhetho lwexesha elide

Ngamanye amaxesha i-echocardiogram iyalelwa ukuba ihlolisise ubungakanani okanye ulwakhiwo lwentliziyo yakho.

Kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo, i-coronary angiography inokwenziwa ukuze ibone ukuba igazi lihamba njani kwimithambo esentliziyweni yakho.

Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo, olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-electrophysiology (EPS), ngamanye amaxesha lwenziwa ukujonga ngokusondeleyo kwinkqubo yombane yentliziyo.

Xa i-arrhythmia inzulu, unokufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo ukubuyisela isingqisho esiqhelekileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Unyango lombane (defibrillation okanye cardioversion)
• Ukutyala intliziyo yexesha elifutshane
• Amayeza anikwa ngomthambo okanye ngomlomo

Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango olungcono lwe-angina okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo yakho kuya kulinciphisa ithuba lakho lokuba ne-arrhythmia.

Amayeza abizwa njengeziyobisi ezichasayo angasetyenziswa:

• Ukuthintela i-arrhythmia ekubeni yenzeke kwakhona
• Ukugcina ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho kungangxami okanye ucothe

Amanye ala mayeza anokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Thatha njengoko kumiselwe ngumboneleli wakho. SUKUYEKE ukuthatha amayeza okanye utshintshe idosi ngaphandle kokuqala uthethe nomboneleli wakho.

Olunye unyango ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga izingqisho zentliziyo engaqhelekanga zibandakanya:

• Ukupheliswa kwentliziyo, okusetyenziselwa ukujolisa kwiindawo entliziyweni yakho ezinokubangela iingxaki zentliziyo yakho
• Isixhobo se-Cardioverter defibrillator, esabekwa ebantwini abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufa ngesiquphe kwentliziyo
• I-pacemaker esisigxina, isixhobo esivakalayo xa intliziyo yakho ibetha kancinci. Ithumela umqondiso entliziyweni yakho eyenza ukuba intliziyo yakho ibethe ngesantya esifanelekileyo.

Isiphumo sixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Uhlobo lwe-arrhythmia onayo.
• Nokuba unesifo semithambo yegazi, ukusilela kwentliziyo, okanye isifo sentliziyo se-valvular.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Uphuhlisa naziphi na iimpawu ze-arrhythmia enokwenzeka.
• Ufumaniswe ukuba une-arrhythmia kwaye iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mbi okanye AKUKHO ukuphucula ngonyango.

Ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela isifo se-coronary disease kunokunciphisa ithuba lakho lokuphuhlisa i-arrhythmia.

Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga; IBradycardia; Tachycardia; Ukuthambisa

• I-Atrial fibrillation - ukukhutshwa
• Intliziyo pacemaker - ukubhobhoza
• Ukuthatha i-warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) -ukubuza ugqirha wakho

• Icandelo lentliziyo phakathi embindini
• Intliziyo - umbono wangaphambili
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo
• Bradycardia
• Tachycardia omoya
• Ibhloko ye-Atrioventricular -Ukulandelwa kwe-ECG
• Inkqubo yokuqhuba kwentliziyo

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UTracy CM, uEpstein AE, uDarbar D, et al. Ngo-2012 i-ACCF / i-AHA / i-HRS igxile ekuhlaziyweni kwezikhokelo zika-2008 zonyango olusekwe kwizixhobo zesifo sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga: ingxelo yeAmerican College of Cardiology Foundation / American Heart Association Task Force kwiZikhokelo zokuSebenza. J NdinguColl Cardiol. Ngo-2012; 60 (14): 1297-1313. IINKCUKACHA: 22975230 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22975230/.