Umhlaza wedlala lengqula

Umhlaza wedlala lengqula ngumhlaza oqala kwidlala lengqula. I-thyroid gland ikhona ngaphakathi phambi kwentamo yakho engezantsi.

Umhlaza wedlala lengqula unokuvela nakubuphi na ubudala.

Imitha yonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wedlala lengqula. Ukubonakaliswa kunokuvela:

• Unyango ngemitha entanyeni (ngakumbi ebuntwaneni)
• Ukukhanya kwemitha kwintlekele yezityalo zenyukliya

Eminye imingcipheko yimbali yosapho yomhlaza we-thyroid kunye ne-goiter engapheliyo (i-thyroid eyandisiweyo).

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wedlala lengqula:

• I-Anaplastic carcinoma (ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza weseli omkhulu kunye nespindle) yeyona ndlela iyingozi yomhlaza wedlala lengqula. Inqabile, kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza.
• I-tumor yesifo sinokubuya kwaye isasazeka.
• I-Medullary carcinoma ngumhlaza weeseli ezingavelisi iihomoni ezihlala zikhona kwi-thyroid gland. Olu hlobo lomhlaza wedlala lengqula ludla ngokwenzeka kwiintsapho.
• IPapillary carcinoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo, kwaye ihlala ichaphazela abasetyhini abaneminyaka yobudala bokuzala. Isasazeka ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye lolona hlobo lomhlaza lunobungozi.

Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaza wedlala lengqula, kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• Khohlela
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Ukwandiswa kwe-thyroid gland
• Ukugquma okanye ukutshintsha kwelizwi
• Ukudumba kwentamo
• Isigaxa se-thyroid (nodule)

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Oku kunokutyhila isigaqa kwi-thyroid, okanye i-lymph nodes ezivuvukile entanyeni.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi lweCalcitonin ukukhangela umdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary
• I-Laryngoscopy (ejonge ngaphakathi emqaleni usebenzisa isibuko okanye ityhubhu eguqukayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-laryngoscope ebekwe emlonyeni) ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwentambo yezwi
• I-thyroid biopsy, enokubandakanya ukuvavanywa kofuzo lweeseli ezifunyenwe kwi-biopsy
• Ukuskena kwe-thyroid
• I-TSH, i-T4 yasimahla (kuvavanyo lwegazi lomsebenzi we-thyroid)
• I-Ultrasound ye-thyroid kunye ne-lymph nodes entanyeni
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-CT entanyeni (ukumisela ubungakanani besifo somhlaza)
• Ukuskena iPET

Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza wedlala lengqula. Unyango lweentlobo ezininzi zomhlaza we-thyroid luyasebenza ukuba lufunyenwe kwangethuba.

Ugqirha lwenziwa rhoqo. Yonke okanye inxalenye ye-thyroid gland ingasuswa. Ukuba umboneleli wakho ukrokrela ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwii-lymph node entanyeni, ezi ziya kususwa. Ukuba ezinye ze-thyroid gland zihlala, uzakufuna ukulandelelwa kwe-ultrasound kwaye mhlawumbi ezinye izifundo ukufumanisa nayiphi na into ebangela umdlavuza we-thyroid.

Unyango ngemitha lunokwenziwa kunye okanye ngaphandle kotyando. Inokwenziwa ngu:

• Ukuthatha iodine ene-radioactive ngomlomo
• Ukujongana nomqadi wangaphandle (x-ray) radiation kwi-thyroid

Emva konyango lomhlaza wedlala lengqula, kufuneka uthathe iipilisi zehomoni yedlala lengqondo ubomi bakho bonke. Umthamo uhlala uphakame kancinci kunoko kufunwa ngumzimba wakho. Oku kunceda ukugcina umhlaza ungabuyi.Iipilisi ziphinde zithathe indawo yedlala lengqula umzimba wakho ofuna ukuba usebenze ngokwesiqhelo.

Ukuba umhlaza awuphenduli kuqhaqho okanye kwimitha, kwaye unwenwele kwamanye amalungu omzimba, ichemotherapy okanye unyango ekujolise kulo lunokusetyenziswa. Oku kusebenza kuphela kwinani elincinci labantu.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Iingxaki zomhlaza we-thyroid zingabandakanya:

• Ukonzakala kwibhokisi yelizwi kunye nokudakumba emva kotyando lwe-thyroid
• Inqanaba eliphantsi le-calcium ekususeni ngengozi kwamadlala e-parathyroid ngexesha lotyando
• Ukusasazeka komhlaza kwimiphunga, amathambo, okanye amanye amalungu omzimba

Biza umnikezeli wakho ukuba ubona iqhuma entanyeni yakho.

Akukho sithintelo saziwayo. Ukuqaqanjiswa komngcipheko (njengonyango lwangaphambili lwemitha entanyeni) kunokuvumela ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango.

Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abanembali yosapho kunye notshintsho kwimfuzo olunxulumene nomhlaza wedlala lengqula baya kususwa idlala lengqula ukukhusela umhlaza.

Tumor - lengqula; Umhlaza - idlala lengqula; UNodule - umhlaza wedlala lengqula; IPapillary thyroid carcinoma; I-medullary thyroid carcinoma; Anaplastic lengqula carcinoma; Umhlaza womhlaza we-thyroid

• Ukususwa kwendlala ye-thyroid - ukukhutshwa

• Amadlala endocrine
• Umhlaza wegciwane le-thyroid-CT scan
• Umhlaza wegciwane le-thyroid-CT scan
• Ukuqhekeka kotyando lwe-thyroid
• Idlala lengqula

IHaugen BR, uAlexander Erik K, iBhayibhile KC, et al. Izikhokelo zoLawulo loMbutho we-Thyroid ye-2015 yaseMelika kwizigulana zabantu abadala ezinamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid kunye nomhlaza we-thyroid owahlukileyo: I-American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force kwii-nodule ze-thyroid kunye nomhlaza we-thyroid owahlukileyo. Idlala lengqula. Ngo-2016; 26 (1): 1-133. IINKCUKACHA: 26462967 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462967/.

UJonklaas J, Cooper DS. Idlala lengqula. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 213.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lomhlaza wedlala lengqula (yabantu abadala) (PDQ) -uhlobo lonikezelo lwempilo. www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/thyroid/HealthProfessional. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 14, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 3, 2020.

USmith PW, uHanks LR, uSalomone LJ, uHanks JB. Idlala lengqula. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, ii-eds. Incwadi yeSabiston yoNyango. Umhla we-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 36.

I-Thompson LDR. Neoplasms amabi ndlala lengqula. Ku: Thompson LDR, uBhishophu JA, ii-eds. INtloko kunye neNeck Pathology. Ngomhla wesi-3. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 25.