Iingxaki zokopha

Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi liqela leemeko apho kukho ingxaki kwinkqubo yegazi yomzimba. Ezi ngxaki zinokukhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi elinzima kunye nexesha elide emva kokonzakala. Ukopha nako kungaqala ngokwakho.

Iingxaki ezithile zokopha zibandakanya:

• Ukufumana iziphene zomsebenzi weplatelet
• Isiphene somsebenzi weplatelet
• Isasazwe i-intravascular coagulation (DIC)
• Ukusilela kweProthrombin
• Ukusilela kwefactor V
• Ukusilela kwefactor VII
• Ukusilela kwefactor X
• Ukusilela kweFactor XI (hemophilia C)
• Isifo sikaGlanzmann
• IHemophilia A
• IHemophilia B
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
• Isifo seVon Willebrand (iintlobo I, II, kunye no-III)

Ukuhlanjwa kwegazi okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya izinto zegazi, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiplatelets, kunye neeproteni ezingama-20 ezahlukileyo zeplasma. Ezi ziyaziwa njengokujija kwegazi okanye izinto ezijiyayo. Ezi zinto ziyasebenzisana namanye amachiza ukwenza into eyeka ukopha ebizwa ngokuba yi-fibrin.

Iingxaki zinokwenzeka xa izinto ezithile ziphantsi okanye zilahlekile. Iingxaki zokuphuma kwegazi zinokubakho ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima.

Ezinye iingxaki zokopha zikhona xa kuzalwa kwaye zidluliselwa kwiintsapho (ezizuzwe njengelifa). Abanye bakhula ukusuka:

• Izifo, ezinje ngokuswela i-vitamin K okanye isifo sesibindi
• Unyango, njengokusebenzisa iziyobisi ukumisa amahlwili egazi (ii-anticoagulants) okanye ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwee-antibiotics

Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kungakhokelela kwingxaki ngenani okanye umsebenzi weeseli zegazi ezikhuthaza ukujija kwegazi (iiplatelets). Ezi ngxaki zinokuba lilifa okanye zikhule kamva (zifunyenwe). Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamachiza athile zihlala zikhokelela kwiifom ezifunyenweyo.

Iimpawu zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukopha kumalungu okanye izihlunu
• Ukukrala ngokulula
• Ukopha kakhulu
• Ukopha okuninzi kokuya exesheni
• Ukuphuma kweempumlo okungayeki ngokulula
• Ukopha kakhulu ngokuhlinzwa
• Umtya we-umbilical ukopha emva kokuzalwa

Iingxaki ezenzekayo zixhomekeke kwisifo esithile sokopha, kwaye kunzima kangakanani.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ixesha lecandelo le-thromboplastin (PTT)
• Uvavanyo lokuhlanganiswa kweplatelet
• Ixesha leprothrombin (PT)
• Ukuxubusha isifundo, uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-PTT ukuqinisekisa ukusilela kwento

Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Ingabandakanya:

• Into yokuvala indawo
• Utyando lweplasma olunqabileyo
• Ukufakwa kwegazi kwiPlatelet
• Olunye unyango

Fumana ngakumbi malunga nokuphazamiseka kokopha ngala maqela:

• Isiseko seSizwe seHemophilia Foundation: Okunye ukusilela kweFactor- www.hemophilia.org/Bleeding-Disorder/Iindidi-ukukhupha igazi-Iingxaki/Okunye-Ifactor-Ukusilela
• Isiseko seSizwe seHemophilia: Uloyiso lwaManina aneNgxaki yeGazi- www.hemophilia.org/Community-Resources/Women-with-Bleeding-Disorders/Victory-for-Women-with-Blood-Disorders
• ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu- www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bleeding-disorder

Isiphumo sikwaxhomekeke kukuphazamiseka. Uninzi lwezifo eziphambili zokuphuma kwegazi zinokulawulwa. Xa ukungahambi kakuhle kungenxa yezifo, ezinje nge-DIC, iziphumo ziya kuxhomekeka ekubeni singanyangwa njani isifo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukopha kwingqondo
• Ukopha kakhulu (ngesiqhelo kuphehlo lwesisu okanye ukwenzakala)

Ezinye iingxaki zinokwenzeka, kuxhomekeke kwisifo.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba ubona nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga okanye ukopha kakhulu.

Uthintelo luxhomekeke kwisifo esithile.

Coagulopathy

UGailani D, Wheeler AP, Neff AT. Ukunqongophala kwezinto ezinqabileyo. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ii-eds. I-Hematology: Imigaqo esisiseko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 137.

Iholo JE. I-Hemostasis kunye nokuqina kwegazi. Ku: Iholo JE, ed. Incwadi kaGuyton kunye neHolo yePhysical Physiology. Umhla we-13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 37.

I-Nichols WL. Isifo seVon Willebrand kunye nokungaqheleki kokopha kweplatelet kunye nokusebenza kweethambo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahluko 173.

Ragni MV. Ukuphazamiseka kwento eyophayo: ukungabikho kwento ekunqandeni. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahluko 174.