I-anthrax

I-Anthrax sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba Isicatshulwa seBacillus. Usulelo ebantwini kuhlala kubandakanya ulusu, ithumbu, okanye imiphunga.

I-Anthrax ihlala ichaphazela izilwanyana ezinamakhanda ezinjengeegusha, iinkomo kunye neebhokhwe. Abantu abadibana nezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo banokugula yi-anthrax ngokunjalo.

Zintathu iindlela eziphambili kusulelo lwe-anthrax: ulusu (ukusika), umphunga (inhalation), nomlomo (isisu).

I-anthrax esisikiweyo yenzeka xa i-anthrax spores ingena emzimbeni ngokusika okanye ukukrwela kulusu.

• Luhlobo oluqhelekileyo losulelo lwe-anthrax.
• Umngcipheko ophambili kukunxibelelana nezikhumba zezilwanyana okanye iinwele, iimveliso zethambo, uboya, okanye izilwanyana ezisulelekileyo. Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu we-anthrax baquka abasebenzi basezifama, oogqirha bezilwanyana, abasuki, kunye nabasebenzi boboya.

I-anthrax ye-inhalation ikhula xa i-anthrax spores ingena kwimiphunga nge-airways. Ixhaphakile ikhontrakthi xa abasebenzi bephefumla kwi-anthrax spores yomoya ngexesha leenkqubo ezinje ngofele lolusu kunye nokulungisa uboya.

Ukuphefumla kwi-spores kuthetha ukuba umntu ubonakalisiwe kwi-anthrax. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba umntu uya kuba neempawu.

• Iintlobo zebacteria kufuneka zihlume okanye zihlume (ngendlela efanayo nembewu ehluma phambi kokuba isityalo sikhule) ngaphambi kokuba isifo sivele. Le nkqubo ihlala ithatha iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-6.
• Emva kokuba i-spores ihlume, ikhupha izinto ezinobuthi. Ezi zinto zibangela ukopha ngaphakathi, ukudumba, kunye nokufa kwethishu.

I-anthrax yesisu yenzeka xa umntu esitya inyama ene-anthrax.

Inthrax yenaliti inokwenzeka kumntu otofa i-heroin.

I-anthrax inokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo se-biological okanye kwi-bioterrorism.

Iimpawu ze-anthrax ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-anthrax.

Iimpawu ze-anthrax ezisikiweyo ziqala kwi-1 ukuya kwiintsuku ezisi-7 emva kokuvezwa:

• Isilonda esirhawuzelelayo sikhula ngokufanayo nokulunywa sisinambuzane. Esi sifo sinokuba blister kwaye senze isilonda esimnyama (esibuhlungu okanye eschar).
• Isilonda sihlala singenabuhlungu, kodwa sihlala singqongwe kukudumba.
• Unokhwekhwe udla ngokwenzeka, emva koko wome uze uwe zingaphelanga iiveki ezimbini. Ukuphilisa ngokupheleleyo kungathatha ixesha elide.

Iimpawu zokuphefumla i-anthrax:

• Iqala ngomkhuhlane, isifo se-malaise, intloko ebuhlungu, ukukhohlela, ukuphefumla kancinci, kunye nentlungu esifubeni
• Umkhuhlane kunye nokothuka kunokwenzeka emva kwexesha

Iimpawu ze-anthrax yamathumbu zihlala zivela kwiveki e-1 kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Urhudo olunegazi
• Urhudo
• Ifiva
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha (umgabho lowo unokuqulatha igazi)

Iimpawu ze-anthrax yenaliti ziyafana nezo ze-anthrax ezisikiweyo. Ukongeza, ulusu okanye umsipha ongaphantsi kwendawo yenaliti unokosuleleka.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba.

Uvavanyo lokufumanisa i-anthrax luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo esikrokreleka.

Inkcubeko yesikhumba, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-biopsy, yenziwa kwizilonda zesikhumba. Isampulu ijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope ukufumanisa ibacteria ye-anthrax.

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Inkcubeko yegazi
• Iskena se-CT esifubeni okanye i-x-ray yesifuba
• Impompo yomqolo ukukhangela usulelo olujikeleze ikholamu yomqolo
• Inkcubeko yesikhohlela

Olunye uvavanyo lunokwenziwa kwiisampulu zolwelo okanye zegazi.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-anthrax. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokumiselwa afaka ipenicillin, doxycycline, kunye ne-ciprofloxacin.

I-anthrax ye-inhalation iphathwa ngokudibanisa i-antibiotics efana ne-ciprofloxacin kunye nelinye iyeza. Banikwa nge-IV (ngaphakathi). Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ahlala ethathwa kangangeentsuku ezingama-60 kuba kunokuthatha iintsholongwane ezinde ukudubula.

I-anthrax esisikiweyo inyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane athathwa ngomlomo, ngesiqhelo kwiintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10. I-Doxycycline kunye ne-ciprofloxacin zihlala zisetyenziswa.

Xa unyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, i-anthrax ecekethekileyo inokuba ngcono. Kodwa abanye abantu abangafumani nyango banokufa ukuba i-anthrax inwenwela egazini.

Abantu abanesigaba sesibini sokuphefumla i-anthrax banesimo sengqondo esibi, nangona unyango lwe-antibiotic. Amatyala amaninzi kwinqanaba lesibini ayabulala.

Usulelo lwe-anthrax emathunjini lunokusasazeka kwigazi kwaye lunokubangela ukufa.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba ubonakalisiwe kwi-anthrax okanye ukuba uvelisa iimpawu zalo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-anthrax.

Zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokuthintela i-anthrax.

Kubantu abaye bavezwa kwi-anthrax (kodwa bengenazo iimpawu zesifo), ababoneleli banokumisela i-antibiotics yokukhusela, njenge-ciprofloxacin, i-penicillin, okanye i-doxycycline, kuxhomekeke kubunzima be-anthrax.

Ugonyo lwe-anthrax luyafumaneka kubasebenzi basemkhosini nakumalungu athile oluntu ngokubanzi. Inikwa kuthotho lweedosi ezi-5 ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezili-18.

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokusasaza i-anthrax ukusuka komnye umntu uye komnye. Abantu abahlala nomntu one-anthrax enqamlezileyo abadingi zintsholongwane ngaphandle kokuba baye babhencwa kumthombo ofanayo we-anthrax.

Isifo sikaWoolsorter; Isifo seRagpicker; I-anthrax enqamlezileyo; I-anthrax yesisu

• I-anthrax engacacanga
• I-anthrax engacacanga
• Ukuphefumla i-Anthrax
• Iintsholongwane
• Isicatshulwa seBacillus

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. I-anthrax. www.cdc.gov/anthrax/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 31, 2017. Kufikeleleke ngoMeyi 23, 2019.

ILucey DR, iGrinberg LM. I-anthrax. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 294.

UMartin GJ, uFriedlander AM. Isicatshulwa seBacillus (i-anthrax). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 207.