Ukucebisa ngemfuza ngaphambi kokubeleka

Imfuza sisifundo semfuza, inkqubo yomzali yokugqithisela iintlobo ezithile kubantwana bakhe.

• Imbonakalo yomntu, efana nokuphakama, umbala weenwele, umbala wesikhumba, kunye nombala wamehlo, zimiselwa yimfuza.
• Iziphene zokuzalwa kunye nezifo ezithile zihlala zimiselwa yimfuza.

Ukucetyiswa ngemfuza ngaphambi kokubeleka yinkqubo apho abazali banokufunda ngakumbi malunga:

• Kuya kuba lula kangakanani ukuba umntwana wabo abe nengxaki yemfuza
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinokujonga ukusilela kwezofuzo okanye ukuphazamiseka
• Ukuthatha isigqibo sokuba ungathanda ukuba ungabinalo olu vavanyo

Abantu abatshatileyo abafuna ukuba nosana banokuvavanywa ngaphambi kokuba bakhulelwe. Ababoneleli ngezempilo banokuvavanya umntwana ongekazalwa) ukubona ukuba ngaba umntwana uya kuba nesifo semfuza, njenge-cystic fibrosis okanye i-Down syndrome.

Kuxhomekeke kuwe ukuba uza kufumana iingcebiso ngemfuzo ngaphambi kokuzalwa kunye novavanyo. Uya kufuna ukucinga ngeminqweno yakho, iinkolelo zakho kunye neemeko zosapho.

Abanye abantu banomngcipheko omkhulu kunabanye wokudlulisela ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza kubantwana babo. Bazi:

• Abantu abanamalungu osapho okanye abantwana abaneziphene zemfuza okanye zokuzalwa.
• AmaYuda aseMpuma Yurophu. Banokuba nomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba neentsana ezineTay-Sachs okanye isifo seCanavan.
• Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika, abanokuba semngciphekweni wokudlulisela i-sickle-cell anemia (isifo segazi) kubantwana babo.
• Abantu abavela kumazantsi mpuma Asiya okanye kwimvelaphi yeMeditera, abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana abantwana abane thalassemia, isifo segazi.
• Abasetyhini abatyhilelwe iityhefu (ezinetyhefu) ezinokubangela iziphene zokuzalwa.
• Abasetyhini abanengxaki yempilo, enjengeswekile, enokuthi ichaphazele usana lwabo.
• Isibini esinezinto ezintathu ezikhutshiweyo (umntwana usweleka phambi kweeveki ezingama-20 zokukhulelwa).

Uvavanyo lukwacetyiswa ukuba:

• Abasetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35, nangona ukuvavanywa kwemfuza ngoku kucetyiswayo kwabasetyhini bayo yonke iminyaka.
• Abasetyhini abaye baneziphumo ezingaqhelekanga kuvavanyo lokukhulelwa, njenge-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
• Abasetyhini abanemveku yabo ebonisa iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga ekukhulelweni kwe-ultrasound.

Thetha malunga nokucebisa ngemfuza nomboneleli wakho kunye nosapho lwakho. Buza imibuzo onokuba unayo malunga novavanyo kunye nokuba iziphumo ziya kuthetha ntoni kuwe.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba iimvavanyo zofuzo ezenziwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe (ukukhulelwa) zihlala zikuxelela kuphela amathuba okuba nomntwana onesiphene esithile sokuzalwa. Umzekelo, unokufunda ukuba wena neqabane lakho ninethuba elinye kwamane lokufumana umntwana onesifo esithile okanye isiphene.

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokukhulelwa, uyakufuna iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu ukubona ukuba umntwana wakho uya kuba nesiphene okanye hayi.

Kulabo banokuba semngciphekweni, iziphumo zovavanyo zinokunceda ukuphendula imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba amathuba okuba nomntwana onesiphene semfuza aphezulu kangangokuba kufuneka sijonge ezinye iindlela zokwenza usapho?
• Ukuba unomntwana onesifo esingokofuzo, ngaba lukhona unyango okanye uqhaqho olunokunceda umntwana?
• Sililungiselela njani ithuba lokuba nomntwana onengxaki yemfuza? Ngaba kukho iiklasi okanye amaqela enkxaso kwesi sifo? Ngaba kukho ababoneleli abakufutshane abaphatha abantwana abanesifo?
• Ngaba kufuneka siqhubeke nokukhulelwa? Ngaba iingxaki zomntwana zinzima kangangokuba sinokukhetha ukuphelisa ukukhulelwa?

Unokuzilungiselela ngokufumanisa ukuba ngaba naziphi na iingxaki zonyango ezinje zibaleka kusapho lwakho:

• Iingxaki zokukhula komntwana
• Ukungabikho komtshato
• Ukuzalwa kwakhona
• Izifo ezinzima zabantwana

Amanyathelo okucebisa ngemfuza ngaphambi kokubeleka abandakanya:

• Uya kugcwalisa ifomu enzulu yosapho kwaye uthethe nomcebisi malunga neengxaki zempilo eziqhutywa kusapho lwakho.
• Unokufumana uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga ii-chromosomes zakho okanye ezinye izakhi zofuzo.
• Imbali yosapho lwakho kunye neziphumo zovavanyo ziya kunceda umcebisi ajonge iziphene zemfuzo onokuthi uzidlulisele ebantwaneni bakho.

Ukuba ukhetha ukuvavanywa emva kokuba ukhulelwe, iimvavanyo ezinokuthi zenziwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa (nokuba kungunina okanye usana olungekazalwa) kubandakanya:

• I-Amniocentesis, apho ulwelo luyekiswe kwi-amniotic sac (ulwelo olujikeleze umntwana).
• Isampulu ye-chorionic villus (CVS), ethatha isampulu yeeseli ezivela kwi-placenta.
• Isampulu yegazi (PUBS), evavanya igazi elikwi-umbilical cord (intambo edibanisa umama nosana).
• Ukuhlolwa okungaphambi kokubeleka, okujonga kwigazi likanina kwi-DNA evela kusana olunokuba ne-chromosome eyongezelelweyo okanye elahlekileyo.

Ezi mvavanyo zinomngcipheko othile. Banokubangela usulelo, benzakalise umntwana ongekazalwa, okanye babangele ukuphuma kwesisu. Ukuba ukhathazekile ngezi ngozi, thetha nomboneleli wakho.

Injongo yokucebisa ngemfuza ngaphambi kokubeleka kukunceda nje abazali benze izigqibo benolwazi. Umcebisi ngemfuza uya kukunceda ubone ukuba ulusebenzisa njani ulwazi olufumanayo kuvavanyo lwakho. Ukuba usengozini, okanye ukuba ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo, umcebisi kunye nomboneleli wakho baya kuthetha nawe malunga nezinto onokukhetha kuzo kunye nezixhobo. Kodwa izigqibo zezakho ukuba uzenze.

• Ingcebiso yemfuzo kunye nokuchongwa kokubeleka

IHobel CJ, uWilliam J.Ukukhathalelwa kweAntepartum: ukuqonda kwangaphambili kunye nokhathalelo lwaphambi kokubeleka, uvavanyo lwemfuza kunye netatology, kunye novavanyo lomntwana ngaphambi kokubeleka. Ku: IHacker NF, iGambone JC, iHobel CJ, ii-eds. IHacker kunye neMoore's Essentials ye-Obstetrics kunye neGynecology. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 7.

INussbaum RL, iMcInnes RR, uWillard HF. Ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeleka kunye nokuvavanywa. Ku: Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF, ii-eds. Thompson & Thompson Genetics kwiyeza. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 17.

U-Wapner RJ, Duggoff L. Ukuchongwa kwaphambi kokubeleka kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuzalwa. Ku: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Isilivere RM, ii-eds. I-Creasy kunye neResnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 32.

• Ingcebiso ngemfuzo