Iqhenqa

Iqhenqa sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane Mycobacterium leprae. Esi sifo sibangela izilonda zolusu, ukonakala kwethambo, kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha obuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iqhenqa alosuleli kakhulu kwaye linethuba elide lokufukama (ixesha phambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu), nto leyo eyenza kubenzima ukwazi ukuba umntu usibambe phi okanye nini esi sifo. Abantwana ngabona banethuba lokufumana esi sifo kunabantu abadala.

Uninzi lwabantu abadibana neebhaktheriya aziphuhlisi isifo. Kungenxa yokuba amajoni abo omzimba ayakwazi ukulwa iintsholongwane. Iingcali zikholelwa ekubeni intsholongwane iyasasazeka xa umntu ephefumla ngamathontsi amdaka aphuma emoyeni akhutshwa xa umntu oneqhenqa ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Iibhaktheriya nazo zingadluliselwa ngokudibana nolwelo lwempumlo lomntu oneqhenqa. Iqhenqa lineendlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo: isifo sephepha nesifo esineqhenqa. Zombini ezi fom zivelisa izilonda kulusu. Nangona kunjalo, ifom lepromatous inzima ngakumbi. Ibangela amaqhuma amakhulu namaqhuma (amaqhuqhuva).

Iqhenqa liqhelekile kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela, nakwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo, ezishushu nezishushu. Malunga ne-100 yamatyala ngonyaka afunyanwa e-United States. Uninzi lweziganeko zikumazantsi, eCalifornia, eHawaii, naseziqithini zase-US naseGuam.

Ukumelana neziyobisi Mycobacterium leprae kwaye ukwanda kwamatyala kwihlabathi liphela kukhokelele kwinkxalabo yesi sifo jikelele.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Izilonda zolusu ezikhaphukhaphu kunombala oqhelekileyo wolusu
• Izilonda eziye zanciphisa imvakalelo yokuthinta, ubushushu, okanye iintlungu
• Izilonda ezingapholiyo emva kweeveki ezininzi ukuya kwiinyanga
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukuswela imvakalelo ezandleni, kwiingalo, kwiinyawo, nasemilenzeni

Uvavanyo olwenziweyo lubandakanya:

• Ulusu lwesifo se-biopsy
• Uvavanyo lokukhuhla ulusu

Uvavanyo lolusu lweqhenqa lunokusetyenziselwa ukuxelela iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukileyo zeqhenqa ngaphandle, kodwa uvavanyo alusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo.

Kusetyenziswa iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane ezibangela isifo. Oku kubandakanya i-dapsone, i-rifampin, i-clofazamine, i-fluoroquinolones, ii-macrolides, kunye ne-minocycline. Ngaphezulu kwesinye isibulala-zintsholongwane kaninzi sinikezelwa kunye, kwaye ihlala iinyanga.

I-Aspirin, i-prednisone, okanye i-thalidomide isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukudumba.

Ukuchonga isifo kwangoko kubalulekile. Unyango lwakwangoko luthintela ukonakaliswa, kuthintela umntu ekusasazeni isifo, kunye nokunciphisa iingxaki zexesha elide.

Iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangelwa liqhenqa zibandakanya:

• Ukonakala komzimba
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Umonakalo osisigxina kwiingalo nasemilenzeni
• Ukuphulukana nemvakalelo

Abantu abaneqhenqa lexesha elide banokuphulukana nokusetyenziswa kwezandla okanye iinyawo zabo ngenxa yokwenzakala okuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yokuba bengaziva kulezo ndawo.

Tsalela umnakekeli wakho wezempilo ukuba uneempawu zeqhenqa, ngakumbi ukuba unonxibelelwano nomntu onesifo. Iimeko zeqhenqa eUnited States zixelwa kumaziko oLawulo lweZifo noThintelo.

Abantu abakwiyeza lexesha elide bangosuleli. Oku kuthetha ukuba abadlulisi into ebangela esi sifo.

Isifo sikaHansen

UDupnik K. Iqhenqa (Mycobacterium leprae). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 250.

U-Ernst JD. Iqhenqa (isifo sikaHansen). Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 310.